scholarly journals Comparing cortical auditory processing in children with typical and atypical benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: Electrophysiologic evidence of the role of non-rapid eye movement sleep abnormalities

Epilepsia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Filippini ◽  
Antonella Boni ◽  
Melania Giannotta ◽  
Antonella Pini ◽  
Angelo Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Sleep Abnormalities ◽  
Cortical Auditory Processing ◽  
Benign Epilepsy

GABAergic Neurons in the Dorsal–Intermediate Lateral Septum Regulate Sleep–Wakefulness and Anesthesia in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Qingchen Guo ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Su-Wan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Awake State ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia

Background The γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) inhibitory system in the brain is critical for regulation of sleep–wake and general anesthesia. The lateral septum contains mainly GABAergic neurons, being cytoarchitectonically divided into the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral parts. This study hypothesized that GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum participate in the control of wakefulness and promote recovery from anesthesia. Methods By employing fiber photometry, chemogenetic and optogenetic neuronal manipulations, anterograde tracing, in vivo electrophysiology, and electroencephalogram/electromyography recordings in adult male mice, the authors measured the role of lateral septum GABAergic neurons to the control of sleep–wake transition and anesthesia emergence and the corresponding neuron circuits in arousal and emergence control. Results The GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum exhibited high activities during the awake state by in vivo fiber photometry recordings (awake vs. non–rapid eye movement sleep: 3.3 ± 1.4% vs. –1.3 ± 1.2%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group; awake vs. anesthesia: 2.6 ± 1.2% vs. –1.3 ± 0.8%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group). Using chemogenetic stimulation of lateral septum GABAergic neurons resulted in a 100.5% increase in wakefulness and a 51.2% reduction in non–rapid eye movement sleep. Optogenetic activation of these GABAergic neurons promoted wakefulness from sleep (median [25th, 75th percentiles]: 153.0 [115.9, 179.7] s to 4.0 [3.4, 4.6] s, P = 0.009, n = 5 mice/group) and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia (514.4 ± 122.2 s vs. 226.5 ± 53.3 s, P < 0.001, n = 8 mice/group). Furthermore, the authors demonstrated that the lateral septum GABAergic neurons send 70.7% (228 of 323 cells) of monosynaptic projections to the ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons, preferentially inhibiting their activities and thus regulating wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia depth. Conclusions The results uncover a fundamental role of the lateral septum GABAergic neurons and their circuit in maintaining awake state and promoting general anesthesia emergence time. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

scholarly journals Dream Recall upon Awakening from Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Older Adults: Electrophysiological Pattern and Qualitative Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Scarpelli ◽  
Aurora D’Atri ◽  
Chiara Bartolacci ◽  
Maurizio Gorgoni ◽  
Anastasia Mangiaruga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Cortical Arousal ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Dream Report

Several findings support the activation hypothesis, positing that cortical arousal promotes dream recall (DR). However, most studies have been carried out on young participants, while the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates of DR in older people are still mostly unknown. We aimed to test the activation hypothesis on 20 elders, focusing on the Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep stage. All the subjects underwent polysomnography, and a dream report was collected upon their awakening from NREM sleep. Nine subjects were recallers (RECs) and 11 were non-RECs (NRECs). The delta and beta EEG activity of the last 5 min and the total NREM sleep was calculated by Fast Fourier Transform. Statistical comparisons (RECs vs. NRECs) revealed no differences in the last 5 min of sleep. Significant differences were found in the total NREM sleep: the RECs showed lower delta power over the parietal areas than the NRECs. Consistently, statistical comparisons on the activation index (delta/beta power) revealed that RECs showed a higher level of arousal in the fronto-temporal and parieto-occipital regions than NRECs. Both visual vividness and dream length are positively related to the level of activation. Overall, our results are consistent with the view that dreaming and the storage of oneiric contents depend on the level of arousal during sleep, highlighting a crucial role of the temporo-parietal-occipital zone.

Subtle rapid eye movement sleep abnormalities in presymptomatic spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene carriers

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada ◽  
Luis Velázquez-Perez ◽  
Nalia Canales Ochoa ◽  
Lourdes Galicia Polo ◽  
Reyes Haro Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 ◽  
Gene Carriers ◽  
Sleep Abnormalities

scholarly journals Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Parasomnias and Migraine: A Role of Orexinergic Projections

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Messina ◽  
Ilaria Bitetti ◽  
Francesco Precenzano ◽  
Diego Iacono ◽  
Giovanni Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
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