Climate‐driven, but dynamic and complex? A reconciliation of competing hypotheses for species’ distributions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Schultz ◽  
Lisa Hülsmann ◽  
Michiel D. Pillet ◽  
Florian Hartig ◽  
David D. Breshears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distributions ◽  
Competing Hypotheses

The "Core" of the Dark Triad: A test of competing hypotheses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Vize ◽  
Donald Lynam ◽  
Katherine Collison ◽  
Josh Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dark Triad ◽  
The Core ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Parsimonious Explanation ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Callous Affect

As research on the Dark Triad (DT; the interrelated constructs of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has accumulated, a subset of this research has focused on explicating what traits may account for the overlap among the DT members. Various candidate traits have been investigated, with evidence supporting several of them including Antagonism (vs. Agreeableness), Honesty-Humility, and Callousness and Interpersonal Manipulation (the latter two as a set). The present study sought to test the leading candidates against one another in their ability to account for the shared variance among the DT members. Using a pre-registered analytical plan, we found that Agreeableness (as measured by the IPIP-NEO-120), Honesty-Humility from the HEXACO, and the SRP-III subscales of Callous Affect and Interpersonal Manipulation accounted for all or nearly all of the shared variance among the DT members. BFI-based measures of Agreeableness (BFI and BFI-2) accounted for notably less variance in most cases. The results were consistent across two large samples (Ns of 627 and 628), and across various DT measurement approaches. We argue that the most parsimonious explanation for findings on the core of the DT is that such traits all fall under the umbrella of Antagonism.

Estimating the exposure of carnivorous plants to rapid climatic change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Aaron M. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Climatic change likely will exacerbate current threats to carnivorous plants. However, estimating the severity of climatic change is challenged by the unique ecology of carnivorous plants, including habitat specialization, dispersal limitation, small ranges, and small population sizes. We discuss and apply methods for modeling species distributions to overcome these challenges and quantify the vulnerability of carnivorous plants to rapid climatic change. Results suggest that climatic change will reduce habitat suitability for most carnivorous plants. Models also project increases in habitat suitability for many species, but the extent to which these increases may offset habitat losses will depend on whether individuals can disperse to and establish in newly suitable habitats outside of their current distribution. Reducing existing stressors and protecting habitats where numerous carnivorous plant species occur may ameliorate impacts of climatic change on this unique group of plants.

Taxonomy of Neomuscina Townsend (Diptera, Muscidae) from Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3504 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRE PEREIRA-COLAVITE ◽  
CLAUDIO J. B. DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
New Distribution

Neomuscina Townsend includes 41 species distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions. Although the genus has a large number of species, it has been ignored and its taxonomy is confusing and has many flaws. In this work we analyzed the following species recorded for Brazil: Neomuscina atincta Snyder, N. atincticosta Snyder, N. capalta Snyder, N. currani Snyder, N. douradensis Lopes & Khouri, N. goianensis Lopes & Khouri, N. inflexa (Stein), N. instabilis Snyder, N. mediana Snyder, N. mimosa Lopes & Khouri, N. neosimilis Snyder, N. nigricosta Snyder, N. paramediana Lopes & Khouri, N. pictipennis pictipennis (Bigot), N. ponti Lopes & Khouri, N. sanespra Snyder, N. schadei Snyder, N. similata Snyder, N. stabilis (Stein), N. transporta Snyder, N. vitoriae Lopes & Khouri and N. zosteris (Shannon & Del Ponte). Neomuscina nigricosta and N. transporta are new distribution records for Brazil. Three new species are described: Neomuscina anajeensis sp. nov. from Anagé (Bahia), Neomuscina maculata sp. nov. from Botelhos (Minas Gerais) and Neomuscina snyderi sp. nov. from Mata de São João (Bahia). An identification key based on the morphological characters of both male and female is provided. Species distributions are discussed and updated, and the number of species now recorded for Brazil is 29.

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