scholarly journals An evolutionary trade‐off between parasite virulence and dispersal at experimental invasion fronts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise S. Nørgaard ◽  
Giacomo Zilio ◽  
Camille Saade ◽  
Claire Gougat‐Barbera ◽  
Matthew D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Off ◽  
Invasion Fronts

scholarly journals An evolutionary trade-off between parasite virulence and dispersal at experimental invasion fronts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise N rgaard ◽  
Giacomo Zilio ◽  
Camille Saade ◽  
Claiire Gougat Barbera ◽  
Matthew Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Off ◽  
Invasion Fronts

scholarly journals Anomalous invasion dynamics due to dispersal polymorphism and dispersal-reproduction trade-offs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent A. Keenan ◽  
Stephen J. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Life History Theory ◽  
Invasion Speed ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Invasion Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Invasion Fronts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dispersal Polymorphism

AbstractDispersal polymorphism and mutation play significant roles during biological invasions, potentially leading to evolution and complex behaviour such as accelerating or decelerating invasion fronts. However, life history theory predicts that reproductive fitness — another key determinant of invasion dynamics – may be lower for more dispersive strains. Here, we use a mathematical model to show that unexpected invasion dynamics emerge from the combination of heritable dispersal polymorphism, dispersal-fitness trade-offs, and mutation between strains. We show that the invasion dynamics are determined by the trade-off relationship between dispersal and population growth rates of the constituent strains. We find that invasion dynamics can be “anomalous” (i.e. faster than any of the strains in isolation), but that the ultimate invasion speed is determined by the traits of at most two strains. The model is simple but generic, so we expect the predictions to apply to a wide range of ecological, evolutionary or epidemiological invasions.

scholarly journals At the invasion front, male cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) have smaller testes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 20190339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Friesen ◽  
Richard Shine
Keyword(s):  
Testis Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Invasion Front ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Invasion Stage ◽  
Invasion Fronts ◽  
Northwestern Australia ◽  
Range Core

As a colonizing species expands its range, individuals at the invasion front experience different evolutionary pressures than do those at the range-core. For example, low densities at the edge of the range mean that males should rarely experience intense sperm competition from rivals; and investment into reproduction may trade-off with adaptations for more rapid dispersal. Both of these processes are predicted to favour a reduction in testis size at the invasion front. To explore effects of invasion stage in Australian cane toads ( Rhinella marina ), we collected and dissected 214 adult males from three regions: one in the species' range-core (northeastern Australia), and two from invasion fronts (one in northwestern Australia and one in southeastern Australia). Despite the brief duration of separation between toads in these areas (approx. 85 years), testis masses averaged greater than 30% higher (as a proportion of body mass) in range-core males than in conspecifics sampled from either vanguard of the invasion. Previous work has documented low reproductive frequencies in female cane toads at the invasion front also, consistent with the hypothesis that evolutionary and ecological pressures unleashed by an invasion can favour relatively low resource allocation to reproduction in both sexes.

scholarly journals Anomalous invasion dynamics due to dispersal polymorphism and dispersal–reproduction trade-offs

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1942) ◽  
pp. 20202825
Author(s):  
Vincent A. Keenan ◽  
Stephen J. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Life History Theory ◽  
Invasion Speed ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Invasion Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Invasion Fronts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dispersal Polymorphism

Dispersal polymorphism and mutation play significant roles during biological invasions, potentially leading to evolution and complex behaviour such as accelerating or decelerating invasion fronts. However, life-history theory predicts that reproductive fitness—another key determinant of invasion dynamics—may be lower for more dispersive strains. Here, we use a mathematical model to show that unexpected invasion dynamics emerge from the combination of heritable dispersal polymorphism, dispersal-fitness trade-offs, and mutation between strains. We show that the invasion dynamics are determined by the trade-off relationship between dispersal and population growth rates of the constituent strains. We find that invasion dynamics can be ‘anomalous’ (i.e. faster than any of the strains in isolation), but that the ultimate invasion speed is determined by the traits of, at most, two strains. The model is simple but generic, so we expect the predictions to apply to a wide range of ecological, evolutionary, or epidemiological invasions.

A Flow-Preserving Algorithm for the Time-Cost Trade-Off Problem

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Tufekci
Keyword(s):  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off

Dual Goals for Speed and Accuracy on the Same Performance Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Emil Wetter ◽  
Jürgen Wegge ◽  
Klaus Jonas ◽  
Klaus-Helmut Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
Performance Tasks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

In most work contexts, several performance goals coexist, and conflicts between them and trade-offs can occur. Our paper is the first to contrast a dual goal for speed and accuracy with a single goal for speed on the same task. The Sternberg paradigm (Experiment 1, n = 57) and the d2 test (Experiment 2, n = 19) were used as performance tasks. Speed measures and errors revealed in both experiments that dual as well as single goals increase performance by enhancing memory scanning. However, the single speed goal triggered a speed-accuracy trade-off, favoring speed over accuracy, whereas this was not the case with the dual goal. In difficult trials, dual goals slowed down scanning processes again so that errors could be prevented. This new finding is particularly relevant for security domains, where both aspects have to be managed simultaneously.

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