scholarly journals Shape of species climate response curves affects community response to climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Bonachela ◽  
Michael T. Burrows ◽  
Malin L. Pinsky
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Response Curves

Modelling the Environmental Niche of Plants: Implications for Plant Community Response to Elevated CO2 Levels.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Austin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Response Curves

No simple natural gradients in CO2 concentration exist for testing predictions about changes in plant communities in response to elevated CO2. However indirect effects of CO2 via temperature increases can be tested by reference to natural analogues. Physiologists, vegetation modellers of climate change and community ecologists assume very different temperature responses for plants. Physiologists often assume a skewed non-monotonic curve with a tail towards low temperatures, forest modellers using FORET type models, a symmetric curve, and community ecologists a skewed response with a tail towards high temperatures. These assumptions are reviewed in relation to niche theory, and recent propositions concerning the continuum concept. Confusion exists between the different approaches over the shape of response curves to temperature. Distinctions need to be made between responses due to growth (physiological response), potential fitness (fundamental niche) and observed performance (realized niche). These types of response should be quantified and related to each other if process-models are to be tested for predictive success by reference to naturally occurring communities and temperature gradients. An example of a statistical method for quantifying the realized environmental niche response of a species to temperature is provided. It is based on generalised linear modelling (GLM) of presence/absence data on Eucalyptus fastigata for 8377 sites in southern New South Wales, Australia. Seven environmental variables or factors are considered: mean annual temperature, mean annual rainfall, mean monthly solar radiation, topographic position, rainfall seasonality, lithology, and soil nutrient status. The temperature response is modelled with a β-function, logy = a + α log ( t - a ) + δ log ( b - t), where t is temperature and letters are parameters. The probability of occurrence is shown to be a skewed function of mean annual temperature. Any process-models of climate change for vegetation incorporating temperature changes due to elevated CO2 must be capable of generating such realised environmental niche responses for species.

scholarly journals Continental vs. Global Niche-Based Modelling of Freshwater Species’ Distributions: How Big Are the Differences in the Estimated Climate Change Effects?

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Danijela Markovic ◽  
Jörg Freyhof ◽  
Oskar Kärcher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Management Actions

Thermal response curves that depict the probability of occurrence along a thermal gradient are used to derive various species’ thermal properties and abilities to cope with warming. However, different thermal responses can be expected for different portions of a species range. We focus on differences in thermal response curves (TRCs) and thermal niche requirements for four freshwater fishes (Coregonus sardinella, Pungitius pungitius, Rutilus rutilus, Salvelinus alpinus) native to Europe at (1) the global and (2) European continental scale. European ranges captured only a portion of the global thermal range with major differences in the minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax) and average temperature (Tav) of the respective distributions. Further investigations of the model-derived preferred temperature (Tpref), warming tolerance (WT = Tmax − Tpref), safety margin (SM = Tpref − Tav) and the future climatic impact showed substantially differing results. All considered thermal properties either were under- or overestimated at the European level. Our results highlight that, although continental analyses have an impressive spatial extent, they might deliver misleading estimates of species thermal niches and future climate change impacts, if they do not cover the full species ranges. Studies and management actions should therefore favor whole global range distribution data for analyzing species responses to environmental gradients.

scholarly journals Expanding use of archaeology in climate change response by changing its social environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (15) ◽  
pp. 8295-8302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcy Rockman ◽  
Carrie Hritz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Us Federal Government ◽  
Site Significance

Climate science has outlined targets for reductions of greenhouse gas emissions necessary to provide a substantial chance of avoiding the worst impacts of climate change on both natural and human systems. How to reach those targets, however, requires balancing physical realities of the natural environment with the complexity of the human social environment, including histories, cultures, and values. Archaeology is the study of interactions of natural and social environments through time and across space. As well, the field of cultural resources management, which includes archaeology, regularly engages with values such as site significance and allocation of funding that the modern social environment ascribes to its own history. Through these two approaches, archaeology has potential to provide both data for and methods of addressing challenges the global community faces through climate change. To date, however, archaeology and related areas of cultural heritage have had relatively little role in the global climate response. Here, we assess the social environment of archaeology and climate change and resulting structural barriers that have limited use of archaeology in and for climate change with a case study of the US federal government. On this basis, we provide recommendations to the fields of archaeology and climate response about how to more fully realize the multiple potential uses of archaeology for the challenges of climate change.

Algae community response to climate change and nutrient loading recorded by sedimentary phytoplankton pigments in the Changtan Reservoir, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 571 ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouliang Huo ◽  
Hanxiao Zhang ◽  
Chunzi Ma ◽  
Beidou Xi ◽  
Jingtian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Phytoplankton Pigments

scholarly journals Declining uncertainty in transient climate response as CO2 forcing dominates future climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Myhre ◽  
Olivier Boucher ◽  
François-Marie Bréon ◽  
Piers Forster ◽  
Drew Shindell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Transient Climate Response ◽  
Co2 Forcing

scholarly journals Soil heterogeneity buffers community response to climate change in species-rich grassland

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2002-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON D. FRIDLEY ◽  
J. PHILIP GRIME ◽  
ANDREW P. ASKEW ◽  
BARBARA MOSER ◽  
CARLY J. STEVENS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Community Response

The Contribution of Radiative Feedbacks to Orbitally Driven Climate Change

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5897-5914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Erb ◽  
Anthony J. Broccoli ◽  
Amy C. Clement
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Cloud Water Content ◽  
Radiative Feedbacks ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract Radiative feedbacks influence Earth's climate response to orbital forcing, amplifying some aspects of the response while damping others. To better understand this relationship, the GFDL Climate Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1), is used to perform idealized simulations in which only orbital parameters are altered while ice sheets, atmospheric composition, and other climate forcings are prescribed at preindustrial levels. These idealized simulations isolate the climate response and radiative feedbacks to changes in obliquity and longitude of the perihelion alone. Analysis shows that, despite being forced only by a redistribution of insolation with no global annual-mean component, feedbacks induce significant global-mean climate change, resulting in mean temperature changes of −0.5 K in a lowered obliquity experiment and +0.6 K in a NH winter solstice perihelion minus NH summer solstice perihelion experiment. In the obliquity experiment, some global-mean temperature response may be attributable to vertical variations in the transport of moist static energy anomalies, which can affect radiative feedbacks in remote regions by altering atmospheric stability. In the precession experiment, cloud feedbacks alter the Arctic radiation balance with possible implications for glaciation. At times when the orbital configuration favors glaciation, reductions in cloud water content and low-cloud fraction partially counteract changes in summer insolation, posing an additional challenge to understanding glacial inception. Additionally, several systems, such as the Hadley circulation and monsoons, influence climate feedbacks in ways that would not be anticipated from analysis of feedbacks in the more familiar case of anthropogenic forcing, emphasizing the complexity of feedback responses.

scholarly journals North-South asymmetry in the modeled phytoplankton community response to climate change over the 21st century

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1274-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Marinov ◽  
Scott C. Doney ◽  
Ivan D. Lima ◽  
K. Lindsay ◽  
J. K. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Community Response ◽  
South Asymmetry
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