Global functional and phylogenetic structure of avian assemblages across elevation and latitude

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta A. Jarzyna ◽  
Ignacio Quintero ◽  
Walter Jetz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Avian Assemblages

scholarly journals Conspicuousness, phylogenetic structure, and origins of Müllerian mimicry in 4000 lycid beetles from all zoogeographic regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Motyka ◽  
Dominik Kusy ◽  
Michal Masek ◽  
Matej Bocek ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Single Region ◽  
General Appearance

AbstractBiologists have reported on the chemical defences and the phenetic similarity of net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and their co-mimics. Nevertheless, our knowledge has remained fragmental, and the evolution of mimetic patterns has not been studied in the phylogenetic context. We illustrate the general appearance of ~ 600 lycid species and ~ 200 co-mimics and their distribution. Further, we assemble the phylogeny using the transcriptomic backbone and ~ 570 species. Using phylogenetic information, we closely scrutinise the relationships among aposematically coloured species, the worldwide diversity, and the distribution of aposematic patterns. The emitted visual signals differ in conspicuousness. The uniform coloured dorsum is ancestral and was followed by the evolution of bicoloured forms. The mottled patterns, i.e. fasciate, striate, punctate, and reticulate, originated later in the course of evolution. The highest number of sympatrically occurring patterns was recovered in New Guinea and the Andean mountain ecosystems (the areas of the highest abundance), and in continental South East Asia (an area of moderate abundance but high in phylogenetic diversity). Consequently, a large number of co-existing aposematic patterns in a single region and/or locality is the rule, in contrast with the theoretical prediction, and predators do not face a simple model-like choice but cope with complex mimetic communities. Lycids display an ancestral aposematic signal even though they sympatrically occur with differently coloured unprofitable relatives. We show that the highly conspicuous patterns evolve within communities predominantly formed by less conspicuous Müllerian mimics and, and often only a single species displays a novel pattern. Our work is a forerunner to the detailed research into the aposematic signalling of net-winged beetles.

Phylogenetic structure of lichen metacommunities in Amazonian and Northeast Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaneide Leandro de Lima Nascimento ◽  
Leonor Costa Maia ◽  
Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres ◽  
Robert Lücking
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure

Phylogenetic structure as a predictive component of beta diversity: Lessons from a comprehensive Neotropical biogeographic transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 125602
Author(s):  
Islandia Silva Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Leite Rezende ◽  
João Augusto A. Meira-Neto ◽  
Sylvie Clappe ◽  
Pedro V. Eisenlohr
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure

Archival DNA reveals cryptic biodiversity within the Spotted Shag (Phalacrocorax punctatus) from New Zealand

The Condor ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J Rawlence ◽  
Matt J Rayner ◽  
Tim G Lovegrove ◽  
Debbie Stoddart ◽  
Melanie Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Cryptic Biodiversity ◽  
Archival Dna

Abstract Genetic data are increasingly being used to prioritize species conservation in a fiscally constrained age of seemingly boundless conservation crises. Such data can also reveal previously cryptic biodiversity requiring further revision of conservation management guidelines. Using a combination of mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (beta fibrinogen intron 7) DNA, and morphology, we reveal that the endemic New Zealand Spotted Shag (Phalacrocorax punctatus) complex exhibits phylogenetic structure that is decoupled from previously recorded qualitative morphological variation. Crucially, the most genetically distinct populations within P. punctatus are from northern New Zealand; recent surveys show that these populations, which house important genetic diversity within Spotted Shags, are in danger of being extirpated. In contrast, we find the previously phenotypically differentiated nominate (P. punctatus punctatus) and Blue (P. punctatus oliveri) Shag subspecies show no genetic and morphological separation, and are of least conservation concern.

Phylogenetic structure of the Iranian capnodiaceous sooty mould fungi inferred from the sequences of rDNA regions and TEF1-a

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Akbar Khodaparast ◽  
Mohammad Javad Pourmoghaddam ◽  
Amirreza Amirmijani ◽  
Fariba Byrami
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Sooty Mould

scholarly journals Jaw biomechanics and the evolution of biting performance in theropod dinosaurs

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1698) ◽  
pp. 3327-3333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Function Space ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Theropod Dinosaurs ◽  
Polynomial Coefficients ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Ancestral Function ◽  
Space Occupation

Despite the great diversity in theropod craniomandibular morphology, the presence and distribution of biting function types across Theropoda has rarely been assessed. A novel method of biomechanical profiling using mechanical advantage computed for each biting position along the entirety of the tooth row was applied to 41 extinct theropod taxa. Multivariate ordination on the polynomial coefficients of the profiles reveals the distribution of theropod biting performance in function space. In particular, coelophysoids are found to occupy a unique region of function space, while tetanurans have a wide but continuous function space distribution. Further, the underlying phylogenetic structure and evolution of biting performance were investigated using phylogenetic comparative methods. There is a strong phylogenetic signal in theropod biomechanical profiles, indicating that evolution of biting performance does not depart from Brownian motion evolution. Reconstructions of ancestral function space occupation conform to this pattern, but phylogenetically unexpected major shifts in function space occupation can be observed at the origins of some clades. However, uncertainties surround ancestor estimates in some of these internal nodes, so inferences on the nature of these evolutionary changes must be viewed with caution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document