scholarly journals Abrupt declines in marine phytoplankton production driven by warming and biodiversity loss in a microcosm experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvire Bestion ◽  
Samuel Barton ◽  
Francisca C. García ◽  
Ruth Warfield ◽  
Gabriel Yvon‐Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Microcosm Experiment

scholarly journals Nutrient experiment using Phaeodactylum tricornutum as an assay organism

1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Teixeira ◽  
A. A. H. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Carbon 14

The growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, cultured at 7,000 lux and 25º C, in twelve-day experiments using enriched water collected at the surface and 50.0 m depth from coastal waters offshore of Ubatuba area, was carried out. Different water enrichements were made by the aseptic addition of several nutrients, at each depth, according to Smayda (1964). The nitrogen out measured in terms of Carbon-14 assimilation and cloropyll concentration, was found to be a primary limiting factor for marine phytoplankton production.

Collection and analysis of a global marine phytoplankton primary production dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mattei ◽  
Michele Scardi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Phytoplankton primary production is a key oceanographic process. It has intimate relationships with the marine food webs dynamics, the global carbon cycle and the Earth’s climate. The study of phytoplankton production on a global scale relies on indirect approaches due to the difficulties associated with field campaigns. On the other hand, modelling approaches require in situ data for both calibration and validation. In fact, the need for more phytoplankton primary production data was highlighted several times during the last decades.Most of the available primary production datasets are scattered in various repositories, reporting heterogeneous information and missing records. For these reasons we decided to retrieve field measurements of marine phytoplankton primary production from several sources and create a homogeneous and ready to use dataset. We handled missing data and added several variables related to primary production which were not present in the original datasets. Subsequently, we carried out a general analysis of the dataset in which we highlighted the relationships between the variables from a numerical and an ecological perspective.Data paucity is one of the main issues hindering the comprehension of complex natural processes.In this framework, we believe that an updated and improved global dataset, complemented by an analysis of its characteristics, can be of interest to anyone studying marine phytoplankton production and the processes related to it.

High local nutrient input influence on oligotrophic phytoplankton production and lipid biogeochemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihana Novak ◽  
Blaženka Gašparović ◽  
Ivna Vrana Špoljarić ◽  
Milan Čanković
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

<p>Marine phytoplankton are crucial for ecosystem function and responsible for almost half of world’s primary production. In order to grow and reproduce phytoplankton need sufficient amount of macro and micro nutrients. Nutrient concentrations are changeable in different water mases and dependable on different natural and anthropogenic sources such as terrestrial water inputs, recycling by sloppy feeding, remineralization with bacteria and atmospheric deposition. High nutrient input to oligotrophic regions raises phytoplankton biomass that leads to higher organic matter production and heterotrophs` development.  Anthropogenic nutrient inputs are considered as the main cause of coastal eutrophication. Marine lipids, dominantly produced by phytoplankton, are good biogeochemical traces of organic matter origin and processing in marine environment and phytoplankton adaptation to environmental perturbations. They are important for multiple cell mechanisms functioning.</p><p>The goal of this research was to investigate the influence of a point source of nutrients on organic matter production and lipid composition as a consequence of phytoplankton acclimation to different nutrient loads. We sampled at two geographically close stations in the Krka River Estuary mouth, oligo- to mesotrophic Martinska station and station in vicinity of the town of Šibenik that is under high anthropogenic influence. Samples were taken from three depths (above, on and below halocline) and in four different seasons covering annual cycle. Lipid classes were characterized by thin–layer chromatography–flame ionization detection. Data are supported by hydrographic, dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon parameters. We will discuss the changes of organic matter accumulation and estuarine lipid biogeochemistry caused by human activity.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgement</p><p>This research was financed by the Croatian Science Foundation project BiREADI (IP-2018-01-3105).</p>

Phytoplankton Ecology of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Stockner ◽  
D. D. Cliff ◽  
K. R. S. Shortreed
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Phytoplankton Ecology ◽  
Phytoplankton Distribution

Observations of phytoplankton production, abundance, and distribution were made at 16 stations in the Strait of Georgia from 1975 to 1977. The discharge of turbid Fraser River water exerts a strong influence on phytoplankton production and distribution in surface waters by rapid light attenuation and horizontal advection. At plume boundaries and back eddies where light conditions improve, very high production occurs (> 4–5 g C∙m−2∙d−1), because of rapidly replenished nutrients supplied by the Fraser River. Advection, turbulence, zooplankton grazing, and summer nitrate depletion collectively impart a heterogeneous distribution pattern to phytoplankton in the surface waters of the Strait of Georgia. Mean annual production varies from lows of 150 g C∙m−2 in Fraser River plume to highs of over 500 g C∙m−2 in sheltered boundary waters of inlets. Recent increases in ammonia and nitrate from land drainage and domestic sewage, mainly through the Fraser River, are related to increases in phytoplankton standing stocks in the Strait. Key words: phytoplankton, primary production, eutrophication, coastal marine, phytoplankton distribution and succession, chlorophyll a, pelagic

Effects of Pulpmill Effluent on Phytoplankton Production in Coastal Marine Waters of British Columbia

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2433-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
David D. Cliff
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Zone Of Influence

Phytoplankton production adjacent to two kraft pulpmills in Howe Sound, British Columbia, was considerably lower than daily rates at control stations removed from the zone of influence. Average daily production at the Port Mellon mill was 29 and 24 mg C∙m−2∙day−1 in 1973 and 1974, in contrast with 332 and 367, in respective years at the control. Less difference in production was seen between Woodfibre mill and its control, because this mill is situated in a more actively flushed location. Howe Sound studies showed little qualitative or quantitative difference between chlorophyll a levels or phytoplankton assemblages among mill and control stations. Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira spp. were dominant phytoplankton species. Light attenuation and selective absorption of 400–500 nm wavelength light by kraft mill effluent was considered the major factor responsible for reduced production in the zone of influence. Axenic culture studies with marine phytoplankton showed that phytotoxicity occurs only at high effluent concentrations. Our laboratory experiments suggest that, given sufficient time, it is possible for phytoplankton to adapt to relatively high effluent concentrations, if pH remains normal.

scholarly journals Multiple global change stressor effects on phytoplankton nutrient acquisition in a future ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1798) ◽  
pp. 20190706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedmer B. Van de Waal ◽  
Elena Litchman
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Small Phytoplankton ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Microbial Groups

Predicting the effects of multiple global change stressors on microbial communities remains a challenge because of the complex interactions among those factors. Here, we explore the combined effects of major global change stressors on nutrient acquisition traits in marine phytoplankton. Nutrient limitation constrains phytoplankton production in large parts of the present-day oceans, and is expected to increase owing to climate change, potentially favouring small phytoplankton that are better adapted to oligotrophic conditions. However, other stressors, such as elevated p CO 2 , rising temperatures and higher light levels, may reduce general metabolic and photosynthetic costs, allowing the reallocation of energy to the acquisition of increasingly limiting nutrients. We propose that this energy reallocation in response to major global change stressors may be more effective in large-celled phytoplankton species and, thus, could indirectly benefit large-more than small-celled phytoplankton, offsetting, at least partially, competitive disadvantages of large cells in a future ocean. Thus, considering the size-dependent responses to multiple stressors may provide a more nuanced understanding of how different microbial groups would fare in the future climate and what effects that would have on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology’.

scholarly journals A 340 year record of biogenic sulphur from the Weddell Sea area, Antarctica

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Pasteur ◽  
R. Mulvaney ◽  
D. A. Peel ◽  
E. S. Saltzman ◽  
P-Y Whung
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Frequency Variations

Detailed records of methanesulphonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulphate (nss SO4 2−) have been obtained from ice cores drilled on Dolleman Island on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (70°35.2′S, 60°55.5′W). Annual average concentrations of MSA are presented for the period 1652–1992. Over this time span, the mean annual concentration of MSA is 0.69 μeq l−1 (σ = 0.33, n = 340), the range is 0.13–2.35μeq l−1, and the MSA/nss-SO4 2− ratio is 0.22. The high MSA concentration reflects the proximity of the Weddell Sea, believed to be a region of high marine phytoplankton production. The overall mean nss-SO4 2− concentration is about 66% of the total sulphate deposited in the snowfall. Low-frequency variations of MSA and oxygen-isotope signals correlate closely, indicating that they may be modulated by similar atmospheric processes. Positive correlations are observed between the oxygen-isotope signature and both MSA (r = 0.41) and nss SO4 2− (r = 0.50), significant at the 99% level. A small negative correlation can be seen between both species and the annual duration of sea ice at Scotia Bay, Laurie Island in the South Orkneys, since 1902 (MSA r= –0.23, and nss SO4 2– r = –0.29; significant at 95% confidence). No significant link between high MSA concentrations and El Niño events is observed at this location.

scholarly journals Collection and analysis of a global marine phytoplankton primary-production dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 4967-4985
Author(s):  
Francesco Mattei ◽  
Michele Scardi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Abstract. Phytoplankton primary production is a key oceanographic process. It has relationships with marine-food-web dynamics, the global carbon cycle and Earth's climate. The study of phytoplankton production on a global scale relies on indirect approaches due to the difficulties of field campaigns. Modeling approaches require in situ data for calibration and validation. In fact, the need for more phytoplankton primary-production data was highlighted several times during the last decades. Most of the available primary-production datasets are scattered in various repositories, reporting heterogeneous information and missing records. We decided to retrieve field measurements of marine phytoplankton production from several sources and create a homogeneous and ready-to-use dataset. We handled missing data and added variables related to primary production which were not present in the original datasets. Subsequently, we performed a general analysis highlighting the relationships between the variables from a numerical and an ecological perspective. Data paucity is one of the main issues hindering the comprehension of complex natural processes. We believe that an updated and improved global dataset, complemented by an analysis of its characteristics, can be of interest to anyone studying marine phytoplankton production and the processes related to it. The dataset described in this work is published in the PANGAEA repository (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.932417) (Mattei and Scardi, 2021).

scholarly journals Biodiversity and multifunctionality in a microbial community: a novel theoretical approach to quantify functional redundancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1776) ◽  
pp. 20132498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Miki ◽  
Taichi Yokokawa ◽  
Kazuaki Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Quantitative Estimate ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Microcosm Experiment ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Loss Effect

Ecosystems have a limited buffering capacity of multiple ecosystem functions against biodiversity loss (i.e. low multifunctional redundancy). We developed a novel theoretical approach to evaluate multifunctional redundancy in a microbial community using the microbial genome database (MBGD) for comparative analysis. In order to fully implement functional information, we defined orthologue richness in a community, each of which is a functionally conservative evolutionary unit in genomes, as an index of community multifunctionality (MF). We constructed a graph of expected orthologue richness in a community (MF) as a function of species richness (SR), fit the power function to SR (i.e. MF = c SR a ), and interpreted the higher exponent a as the lower multifunctional redundancy. Through a microcosm experiment, we confirmed that MF defined by orthologue richness could predict the actual multiple functions. We simulated random and non-random community assemblages using full genomic data of 478 prokaryotic species in the MBGD, and determined that the exponent in microbial communities ranged from 0.55 to 0.75. This exponent range provided a quantitative estimate that a 6.6–8.9% loss limit in SR occurred in a microbial community for an MF reduction no greater than 5%, suggesting a non-negligible initial loss effect of microbial diversity on MF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document