Contrasting forms of competition set elevational range limits of species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1668-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih‐Fan Chan ◽  
Wei‐Kai Shih ◽  
An‐Yu Chang ◽  
Sheng‐Feng Shen ◽  
I‐Ching Chen
Keyword(s):  
Range Limits ◽  
Elevational Range

scholarly journals Anomalous needle numbers on dwarf shoots of Pinus mugo and P. uncinata (Pinaceae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Boratyńska ◽  
Adam Boratyński
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Central European ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
Two Populations

The frequency of occurrence of abnormal, three- (or more) needle dwarf shoots of most southern and central European two-needle pine (<em>Pinus</em>) species were studied. No specimens with more than two-needle dwarf shoots were found in a population of <em>P. nigra </em>Arnold subsp. <em>salzmannii </em>(Dunal) Franco from the Iberian Peninsula and in two populations of <em>P. uliginosa</em> Neumann from the Sudeten Mountains in Central Europe. Single specimens were found within one population of <em>P. pinaster </em>Aiton from the Iberian Peninsula and among six populations of <em>P. sylvestris </em>L. from the Iberian Peninsula and Central Europe. Abnormal dwarf shoots mostly with three, but also four, five or six needles were found among 24 of 25 surveyed populations of <em>P. mugo </em>Turra and <em>P. uncinata </em>Ramond. The average frequency of specimens with at least one three-needle dwarf shoot was 24% for <em>P. mugo</em> and 20% for <em>P. uncinata</em>. The frequencies of occurrence varied significantly among studied populations and were highest in samples collected from the upper elevational range limits of the species in the mountains and near the northern limits of their ranges. The frequency of abnormal dwarf shoots in the same populations was significantly high in 2-3 consecutive years. Needles from three-needle dwarf shoots were not significantly shorter than those of two-needle shoots.

scholarly journals Biotic interactions and seed deposition rather than abiotic factors determine recruitment at elevational range limits of an alpine tree

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 948-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eike Lena Neuschulz ◽  
Dominik Merges ◽  
Kurt Bollmann ◽  
Felix Gugerli ◽  
Katrin Böhning-Gaese
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Seed Deposition ◽  
Elevational Range

scholarly journals Behavior influences range limits and patterns of coexistence across an elevational gradient in tropical bird diversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin G Freeman ◽  
Joseph A Tobias ◽  
Dolph Schluter
Keyword(s):  
Interference Competition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
Close Relatives

AbstractDoes competition influence patterns of coexistence between closely related taxa? Here we address this basic question in ecology by analyzing patterns of range overlap between related bird species (“sister pairs”) distributed along a Neotropical elevational gradient. We explicitly contrast the behavioral dimension of interspecific competition (interference competition) with similarity in resource acquisition traits (exploitative competition). We find that behavioral interactions are generally important in setting elevational range limits and preventing coexistence of closely related species. Specifically, close relatives that defend year-round territories tend to live in non-overlapping elevational distributions, while close relatives that do not defend territories tend to broadly overlap in distribution. In contrast, neither similarity in beak morphology nor evolutionary relatedness was associated with patterns of range limitation. Our main result is that interference competition can be an important driver of species ranges at the scale of entire diverse assemblages. Consequently, we suggest that behavioral dimensions of the niche should be more broadly incorporated in macroecological studies.

scholarly journals Biotic interactions help explain variation in elevational range limits of birds among Bornean mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Burner ◽  
Andy J. Boyce ◽  
David Bernasconi ◽  
Alison R. Styring ◽  
Subir B. Shakya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Elevational Range

scholarly journals Afrotropical montane birds experience upslope shifts and range contractions along a fragmented elevational gradient in response to global warming

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248712
Author(s):  
Montague H. C. Neate-Clegg ◽  
Simon N. Stuart ◽  
Devolent Mtui ◽  
Çağan H. Şekercioğlu ◽  
William D. Newmark
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Global warming is predicted to result in upslope shifts in the elevational ranges of bird species in montane habitats. Yet few studies have examined changes over time in the elevational distribution of species along fragmented gradients in response to global warming. Here, we report on a resurvey of an understory bird community in the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania, along a forested elevational gradient that has been fragmented over the last 200 years. In 2019, we resurveyed seven sites, ranging in elevation from 360 m to 2110 m, that were originally surveyed between 1979 and 1981. We calculated differences in mean elevation and lower and upper range limits for 29 species between the two time periods and corrected for possible differences in elevation due to chance. Over four decades, we documented a significant mean upslope shift across species of 93 m. This shift was smaller than the 125 m expected shift due to local climate warming. Of the 29 focal species, 19 shifted upslope, eight downslope, and two remained unchanged. Mean upslope shifts in species were driven largely by contracting lower range limits which moved significantly upslope on average across species by 183 m, while upper range limits shifted non-significantly upslope by 72 m, leading to a mean range contraction of 114 m across species. Community composition of understory bird species also shifted over time, with current communities resembling communities found historically at lower elevations. Past forest fragmentation in combination with the limited gap-crossing ability of many tropical understory bird species are very likely important contributory factors to the observed asymmetrical shifts in lower and upper elevational range limits. Re-establishing forested linkages among the largest and closest forest fragments in the Eastern Arc Mountains are critical to permitting species to shift upslope and to reduce further elevational range contractions over time.

scholarly journals Human trampling disturbance exerts different ecological effects at contrasting elevational range limits

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Isabelle Chardon ◽  
Christian Rixen ◽  
Sonja Wipf ◽  
Daniel Forest Doak
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Trampling Disturbance ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
Human Trampling

scholarly journals Thermal constraints on embryonic development as a proximate cause for elevational range limits in two Mediterranean lacertid lizards

Ecography ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Monasterio ◽  
Luke P. Shoo ◽  
Alfredo Salvador ◽  
Ignacio Siliceo ◽  
José A. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Thermal Constraints ◽  
Lacertid Lizards ◽  
Elevational Range
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