scholarly journals Local adaptation, dispersal evolution, and the spatial eco‐evolutionary dynamics of invasion

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Andrade‐Restrepo ◽  
Nicolas Champagnat ◽  
Régis Ferrière
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Dispersal Evolution

Moving among Communities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. McPeek
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Evolution Of Dispersal ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Regional Community ◽  
Dispersal Evolution ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of species across a metacommunity, and how these dynamics affect regional community structure. It begins with a discussion of the evolution of dispersal, focusing on when movement between local communities is and is not favored by natural selection, and how these various movement patterns shape local community structure. An example of the demographic consequences of dispersal is presented, and the evolution of dispersal in a temporally constant environment is analyzed. The chapter also considers the evolution of dispersal rates among communities along with local adaptation within each and explains how link species affect local abundances via their movement strategies. Finally, it explores the interplay between local adaptation and dispersal evolution, the impact of simultaneous spatial and temporal variation in environmental conditions on the evolution of dispersal among populations, and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity.

scholarly journals Evolutionary dynamics of molecular markers during local adaptation: a case study in Drosophila subobscura

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Simões ◽  
Marta Pascual ◽  
Josiane Santos ◽  
Michael R Rose ◽  
Margarida Matos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura

scholarly journals Life history and dispersal timing evolve in response to metapopulation connectedness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Masier ◽  
Dries Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Interpatch Distance ◽  
Dispersal Evolution

AbstractDispersal evolution impacts the fluxes of individuals and hence, connectivity in metapopulations. Connectivity is therefore decoupled from the structural connectedness of the patches within the spatial network. Because of demographic feedbacks, local selection can additionally steer the evolution of other life history traits. We investigated how different levels of connectedness affect dispersal and life history evolution by varying the interpatch distance in replicated experimental metapopulations of the two-spotted spider. We implemented a shuffling treatment to separate local- and metapopulation-level selection.With lower metapopulation connectedness, an increased starvation resistance and delayed dispersal evolved. Intrinsic growth rates evolved at the local level by transgenerational plasticity or epigenetic processes. Changes in patch connectedness thus induce the genetic and non-genetic evolution of dispersal costs and demographic traits at both the local and metapopulation level. These trait changes are anticipated to impact metapopulations eco-evolutionary dynamics, and hence, the persistence and performance of spatially structured populations.

scholarly journals Eco-evolutionary dynamics and collective dispersal: implications for salmon metapopulation robustness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Yeakel ◽  
Jean P. Gibert ◽  
Peter A. H. Westley ◽  
Jonathan W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Alternative Stable States ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Geographic Mosaic ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Local Selection

The spatial dispersal of individuals is known to play an important role in the dynamics of populations, and is central to metapopulation theory. At the same time, local adaptation to environmental conditions creates a geographic mosaic of evolutionary forces, where the combined drivers of selection and gene flow interact. Although the dispersal of individuals from donor to recipient populations provides connections within the metapopulation, promoting demographic and evolutionary rescue, it may also introduce maladapted individuals into habitats host to different environmental conditions, potentially lowering the fitness of the recipient population. Thus, dispersal plays a dual role in both promoting and inhibiting local adaptation. Here we explore a model of the eco-evolutionary dynamics between two populations connected by dispersal, where the productivity of each is defined by a trait complex that is subject to local selection. Although general in nature, our model is inspired by salmon metapopulations, where dispersal between populations is defined in terms of the straying rate, which has been shown to be density-dependent, and recently proposed to be shaped by social interactions consistent with collective movement. The results of our model reveal that increased straying between evolving populations leads to alternative stable states, which has large and nonlinear effects on two measures of metapopulation robustness: the portfolio effect and the time to recovery following an induced disturbance. We show that intermediate levels of straying result in large gains in robustness, and that increased habitat heterogeneity promotes robustness when straying rates are low, and erodes robustness when straying rates are high. Finally, we show that density-dependent straying promotes robustness, particularly when the aggregate biomass is low and straying is correspondingly high, which has important ramifications for the conservation of salmon metapopulations facing both natural and anthropogenic disturbances.Media SummaryMany migratory species, such as salmon, are remarkable in finding their way home. This homing has allowed fine-scale adaptations to the environments in which they evolve. But some individuals do not find their way home and instead stray to other locations, especially when there are fewer individuals to help with collective decision-making. With an eco-evolutionary model, we discovered that an intermediate and density-dependent straying rate allows linked populations to be robust to disturbance but maintain local adaptations.

scholarly journals Evolutionary dynamics of molecular markers during local adaptation: a case study in Drosophila subobscura

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Simões ◽  
Marta Pascual ◽  
Josiane Santos ◽  
Michael R Rose ◽  
Margarida Matos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura

scholarly journals Transient local adaptation and source–sink dynamics in experimental populations experiencing spatially heterogeneous environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1905) ◽  
pp. 20190738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bisschop ◽  
Frederik Mortier ◽  
Rampal S. Etienne ◽  
Dries Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscapes ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Source Sink

Local adaptation is determined by the strength of selection and the level of gene flow within heterogeneous landscapes. The presence of benign habitat can act as an evolutionary stepping stone for local adaptation to challenging environments by providing the necessary genetic variation. At the same time, migration load from benign habitats will hinder adaptation. In a community context, interspecific competition is expected to select against maladapted migrants, hence reducing migration load and facilitating adaptation. As the interplay between competition and spatial heterogeneity on the joint ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations is poorly understood, we performed an evolutionary experiment using the herbivore spider mite Tetranychus urticae as a model. We studied the species's demography and local adaptation in a challenging environment that consisted of an initial sink (pepper plants) and/or a more benign environment (cucumber plants). Half of the experimental populations were exposed to a competitor, the congeneric T. ludeni . We show that while spider mites only adapted to the challenging pepper environment when it was spatially interspersed with benign cucumber habitat, this adaptation was only temporary and disappeared when the populations in the benign cucumber environment were expanding and spilling-over to the challenging pepper environment. Although the focal species outcompeted the competitor after about two months, a negative effect of competition on the focal species’s performance persisted in the benign environment. Adaptation to challenging habitat in heterogeneous landscapes thus highly depends on demography and source–sink dynamics, but also on competitive interactions with other species, even if they are only present for a short time span.

scholarly journals Spatial selection and local adaptation jointly shape life-history evolution during range expansion

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Van Petegem ◽  
Jeroen Boeye ◽  
Robby Stoks ◽  
Dries Bonte
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Spatial Selection ◽  
History Evolution

In the context of climate change and species invasions, range shifts increasingly gain attention because the rates at which they occur in the Anthropocene induce fast shifts in biological assemblages. During such range shifts, species experience multiple selection pressures. Especially for poleward expansions, a straightforward interpretation of the observed evolutionary dynamics is hampered because of the joint action of evolutionary processes related to spatial selection and to adaptation towards local climatic conditions. To disentangle the effects of these two processes, we integrated stochastic modeling and empirical approaches, using the spider mite Tetranychus urticae as a model species. We demonstrate considerable latitudinal quantitative genetic divergence in life-history traits in T. urticae, that was shaped by both spatial selection and local adaptation. The former mainly affected dispersal behavior, while development was mainly shaped by adaptation to the local climate. Divergence in life-history traits in species shifting their range poleward can consequently be jointly determined by fast local adaptation to the environmental gradient and contemporary evolutionary dynamics resulting from spatial selection. The integration of modeling with common garden experiments provides a powerful tool to study the contribution of these two evolutionary processes on life-history evolution during range expansion.

scholarly journals Sexual Development and the Environment: Conclusions from 40 Years of Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Lisa E. Schwanz ◽  
Arthur Georges
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Genotypic Sex Determination

In this review, we consider the insight that has been gained through theoretical examination of environmental sex determination (ESD) and thermolability – how theory has progressed our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary dynamics associated with ESD, the transitional pathways between different modes of sex determination, and the underlying mechanisms. Following decades of theory on the adaptive benefits of ESD, several hypotheses seem promising. These hypotheses focus on the importance of <i>differential fitness</i> (sex-specific effects of temperature on fitness) in generating selection for ESD, but highlight alternative ways differential fitness arises: seasonal impacts on growth, sex-specific ages of maturation, and sex-biased dispersal. ESD has the potential to generate biased sex ratios quite easily, leading to complex feedbacks between the ecology and evolution of ESD. Frequency-dependent selection on sex acts on ESD-related traits, driving local adaptation or plasticity to restore equilibrium sex ratio. However, migration and overlapping generations (“mixing”) diminish local adaptation and leave each cohort/population with the potential for biased sex ratios. Incorporating mechanism into ecology and evolution models reveals similarities between different sex-determining systems. Dosage and gene regulatory network models of sexual development are beginning to shed light on how temperature sensitivity and thresholds may arise. The unavoidable temperature sensitivity in sex-determining systems inherent to these models suggests that evolutionary transitions between genotypic sex determination (GSD) and temperature-dependent sex determination, and between different forms of GSD, are simple and elegant. Theoretical models are often best-served by considering a single piece of a puzzle; however, there is much to gain from reflecting on all of the pieces together in one integrative picture.

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