Seasonal shifts in the soil microbial community responded differently to in situ experimental warming in a natural forest and a plantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhang Zhao ◽  
Yanjie Wang ◽  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Jin Liang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Seasonal Shifts

scholarly journals Deintensification of land use leads to recovery of soil microbial community composition and function after land use change in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Delelegn ◽  
Witoon Purahong ◽  
Ali Nawaz ◽  
Hans Sandén ◽  
Douglas Godbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Microbial

Ethiopia has undergone significant land use change during the past centuries, particularly deforestation. These changes have resulted in the loss of topsoil as well as the associated soil ecosystem functions. Grazing exclusion and planting of eucalyptus are measures used to recover degraded lands and reduce deforestation, respectively. Using a gradient of the intensity of land use from natural forest to croplands, we investigated whether these measures also result in restoration of the soil microbial community. We identified the soil bacterial and fungal communities using paired-end amplicon sequencing. A total of 12,765 fungal and 12,325 bacterial OTUs were detected in the five land use types, and only ca. 2% and 17% were shared among the land uses, respectively. Total fungal and bacterial OTU richness was not significantly affected by land use change, but the conversion of forest to cropland resulted in the loss of approximately 40% and 11% of the total native fungal and bacterial OTUs, respectively. Soil pH, C, N, and aggregate stability were key factors corresponding to the overall bacterial and fungal community compositions. We also showed relationships between the microbial functional group and enzyme activities. The exclusion of grazing led to an enrichment of soil microbial communities that overlapped with the communities of the natural forest. Our results suggest that remnant native forests act as refugia for microbial communities and that restoration of microbial communities and concomitant recovery of ecosystem function via deintensification of land use is possible. Keywords: ectomycorrhiza, ericoid mycorrhiza, exclosure, microbial diversity, soil enzymes

scholarly journals Use of Field-Based Stable Isotope Probing To Identify Adapted Populations and Track Carbon Flow through a Phenol-Degrading Soil Microbial Community

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 7858-7865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. DeRito ◽  
Graham M. Pumphrey ◽  
Eugene L. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT The goal of this field study was to provide insight into three distinct populations of microorganisms involved in in situ metabolism of phenol. Our approach measured 13CO2 respired from [13C]phenol and stable isotope probing (SIP) of soil DNA at an agricultural field site. Traditionally, SIP-based investigations have been subject to the uncertainties posed by carbon cross-feeding. By altering our field-based, substrate-dosing methodologies, experiments were designed to look beyond primary degraders to detect trophically related populations in the food chain. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), it was shown that 13C-labeled biomass, derived from primary phenol degraders in soil, was a suitable growth substrate for other members of the soil microbial community. Next, three dosing regimes were designed to examine active members of the microbial community involved in phenol metabolism in situ: (i) 1 dose of [13C]phenol, (ii) 11 daily doses of unlabeled phenol followed by 1 dose of [13C]phenol, and (iii) 12 daily doses of [13C]phenol. GC/MS analysis demonstrated that prior exposure to phenol boosted 13CO2 evolution by a factor of 10. Furthermore, imaging of 13C-treated soil using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) verified that individual bacteria incorporated 13C into their biomass. PCR amplification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 13C-labeled soil DNA from the 3 dosing regimes revealed three distinct clone libraries: (i) unenriched, primary phenol degraders were most diverse, consisting of α-, β-, and γ-proteobacteria and high-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria, (ii) enriched primary phenol degraders were dominated by members of the genera Kocuria and Staphylococcus, and (iii) trophically related (carbon cross-feeders) were dominated by members of the genus Pseudomonas. These data show that SIP has the potential to document population shifts caused by substrate preexposure and to follow the flow of carbon through terrestrial microbial food chains.

scholarly journals Plants regulate the effects of experimental warming on the soil microbial community in an alpine scrub ecosystem

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0195079
Author(s):  
Zhiliang Ma ◽  
Wenqiang Zhao ◽  
Chunzhang Zhao ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Mei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Soil Microbial
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