scholarly journals Role of rock fragment cover on runoff generation and sediment yield in tilled vineyards

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 864-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
A. García-Díaz ◽  
E. C. Brevik ◽  
S. D. Keestra ◽  
P. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Rock Fragment ◽  
Runoff Generation

scholarly journals Climate, tectonics or morphology: what signals can we see in drainage basin sediment yields?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Coulthard ◽  
M. J. Van de Wiel
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Internal Storage ◽  
Storage Effects ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Basin Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Basin

Abstract. Sediment yields from river basins are typically considered to be controlled by tectonic and climatic drivers. However, climate and tectonics can operate simultaneously and the impact of autogenic processes scrambling or shredding these inputs can make it hard to unpick the role of these drivers from the sedimentary record. Thus an understanding of the relative dominance of climate, tectonics or other processes in the output of sediment from a basin is vital. Here, we use a numerical landscape evolution model (CAESAR) to specifically examine the relative impact of climate change, tectonic uplift (instantaneous and gradual) and basin morphology on sediment yield. Unexpectedly, this shows how the sediment signal from significant rates of uplift (10 m instant or 25 mm a−1) may be lost due to internal storage effects within even a small basin. However, the signal from modest increases in rainfall magnitude (10–20%) can be seen in increases in sediment yield. In addition, in larger basins, tectonic inputs can be significantly diluted by regular delivery from non-uplifted parts of the basin.

scholarly journals Impact of earthquake-triggered landslides on catchment sediment yield

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
M. Vanmaercke ◽  
F. Obreja ◽  
J. Poesen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Seismic Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sediment Export

Abstract. This study explores the role of seismic activity in explaining spatial and temporal variation in sediment export from the Siret basin in Romania. Based on long-term (>30 years) sediment export measurements for 38 subcatchments, we found that spatial variation in sediment yield (SY) is strongly correlated to the degree of seismic activity and catchment lithology. Combined, these factors explain 80% of the variation in SY. To investigate the role of earthquake-triggered landslides in explaining these correlations, we studied the temporal variability in sediment concentrations before and after the 7.4 Mw earthquake of 1977 for ten subcatchments. Despite the fact that this earthquake triggered many landslides, only one subcatchment showed a clear (3-fold) increase in sediment concentration per unit discharge after the earthquake. This shows that, although prolonged seismic activity strongly controls average SY, individual earthquakes do not necessarily affect sediment export at short timescales.

Understanding the role of different geographical features in the hydrological response of humid mountainous areas through a stepwise clustering scheme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqian Yang ◽  
Jintao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Hydrological Responses ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

<p>In the mountainous basins with less anthropogenic influence, the hydrological function is mainly affected by climate and landscape, which makes it possible to measure hydrological similarity indirectly by geographical features. Due to the mechanisms of runoff generation can vary geographically, in this study, a simple stepwise clustering scheme was proposed to explore the role of geographical features at different spatial hierarchy in indicating hydrological response. Research methods mainly include (1) Stepwise regression was used to quantitatively show the correlation between 35 geographical features and 35 flow features and identify the important explanatory variables for hydrological response; (2) 64 basins were divided by stepwise clustering scheme, and the overall ability of the scheme to capture hydrological similarity was tested by comparing the optimal parameters; (3) The hydrological similarity of basin groups was measured by the leave-one cross validation of hydrological model parameters. The results showed that: (1) Rainfall features, elevation, slope and soil bulk density are the main explanatory variables. (2) The NSE of basin groups based on stepwise clustering is 0.64, reaches 80% of the optimal parameter sets (NSE=0.80). The NSE of 90% basins is greater than 0.5, 80% is greater than 0.6, and 49% is greater than 0.7. (3) In humid areas, the hydrological responses of the basins with more uniform monthly rainfall and more abundant summer rainfall are more similar, e.g., the NSE of Class 4 is 0.77. Under similar rainfall patterns, the hydrological responses of the basins with higher average altitude, greater slope, more convergent of shape and richer vegetation are more similar, e.g., the NSE of Class 3-2 is 0.72 and that of Class 1-2 is 0.70. In the case of similar rainfall patterns and landforms, the hydrological responses of the basins with smaller soil bulk density are more similar, e.g., the NSE of Class 3-2-2 is 0.80. In conclusion, the stepwise clustering enhances the interpretability of basin classification, and the effect of different geographical features on hydrological response can show the applicability of hydrological simulation in ungauged basins.</p>

Sediment yield, runoff and hydraulic characteristics in straw and rock fragment covers

2019 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 104324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Omidvar ◽  
Zeynab Hajizadeh ◽  
Hoda Ghasemieh
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Rock Fragment ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics

scholarly journals On the role of the runoff coefficient in the mapping of rainfall to flood return periods

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Viglione ◽  
R. Merz ◽  
G. Blöschl
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. While the correspondence of rainfall return period TP and flood return period TQ is at the heart of the design storm procedure, their relationship is still poorly understood. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the controls on this relationship examining in particular the effect of the variability of event runoff coefficients. A simplified world with block rainfall and linear catchment response is assumed and a derived flood frequency approach, both in analytical and Monte-Carlo modes, is used. The results indicate that TQ can be much higher than TP of the associated storm. The ratio TQ /TP depends on the average wetness of the system. In a dry system, TQ can be of the order of hundreds of times of TP. In contrast, in a wet system, the maximum flood return period is never more than a few times that of the corresponding storm. This is because a wet system cannot be much worse than it normally is. The presence of a threshold effect in runoff generation related to storm volume reduces the maximum ratio of TQ /TP since it decreases the randomness of the runoff coefficients and increases the probability to be in a wet situation. We also examine the relation between the return periods of the input and the output of the design storm procedure when using a pre-selected runoff coefficient and the question which runoff coefficients produce a flood return period equal to the rainfall return period. For the systems analysed here, this runoff coefficient is always larger than the median of the runoff coefficients that cause the maximum annual floods. It depends on the average wetness of the system and on the return period considered, and its variability is particularly high when a threshold effect in runoff generation is present.

scholarly journals Role of Sensitivity of Erosion the Geological Formations at Erosion rate and Sediment Yield (Case Study: Sub-Basins of Doviraj River, Ilam Province)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 208-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
حسن فتحی زاد ◽  
حاجی کریمی ◽  
محسن توکلی ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Geological Formations

scholarly journals The dominant runoff processes on grassland versus bare soil hillslopes in a temperate environment - An experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Minea ◽  
Gabriela Ioana-Toroimac ◽  
Gabriela Moroşanu
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Temperate Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper aimed to investigate the dominant runoff processes (DRP’s) at plot-scale in the Curvature Subcarpathians under natural rainfall conditions characteristic for Romania’s temperate environment. The study was based on 32 selected rainfall-runoff events produced during the interval April–September (2014–2017). By comparing water balance on the analyzed Luvisol plots for two types of land use (grassland vs. bare soil), we showed that DRP’s are mostly formed by Hortonian Overland Flow (HOF), 47% vs. 59% respectively. On grassland, HOF is followed by Deep Percolation (DP, 31%) and Fast Subsurface Flow (SSF, 22%), whereas, on bare soil, DP shows a higher percentage (38%) and SSF a lower one (3%), which suggests that the soil-root interface controls the runoff generation. Concerning the relationship between antecedent precipitation and runoff, the study indicated the nonlinearity of the two processes, more obvious on grassland and in drought conditions than on bare soil and in wet conditions (as demonstrated by the higher runoff coefficients). Moreover, the HOF appeared to respond differently to rainfall events on the two plots - slightly longer lag-time, lower discharge and lower volume on grassland - which suggests the hydrologic key role of vegetation in runoff generation processes.

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