Kant on limits, boundaries, and the positive function of ideas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Howard
Keyword(s):  
Positive Function

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors oppose hyperoxic vasoconstriction and accelerate seizure development in rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Demchenko ◽  
Alex Ruehle ◽  
Barry W. Allen ◽  
Richard D. Vann ◽  
Claude A. Piantadosi
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
No Production ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brain Nitric Oxide ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

Oxygen is a potent cerebral vasoconstrictor, but excessive exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) can reverse this vasoconstriction by stimulating brain nitric oxide (NO) production, which increases cerebral blood flow (CBF)—a predictor of O2 convulsions. We tested the hypothesis that phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 blockers, specifically sildenafil and tadalafil, increase CBF in HBO2 and accelerate seizure development. To estimate changes in cerebrovascular responses to hyperoxia, CBF was measured by hydrogen clearance in anesthetized rats, either control animals or those pretreated with one of these blockers, with the NO inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), with the NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), or with a blocker combined with l-NAME. Animals were exposed to 30% O2 at 1 atm absolute (ATA) (“air”) or to 100% O2 at 4 or 6 ATA. EEG spikes indicated central nervous system CNS O2 toxicity. The effects of PDE-5 blockade varied as a positive function of ambient Po2. In air, CBF did not increase significantly, except after pretreatment with SNAP. However, at 6 ATA O2, mean values for CBF increased and values for seizure latency decreased, both significantly; pretreatment with l-NAME abolished these effects. Conscious rats treated with sildenafil before HBO2 were also more susceptible to CNS O2 toxicity, as demonstrated by significantly shortened convulsive latency. Decreases in regional CBF reflect net vasoconstriction in the brain regions studied, since mean arterial pressures remained constant or increased throughout. Thus PDE-5 blockers oppose the protective vasoconstriction that is the initial response to hyperbaric hyperoxia, decreasing the safety of HBO2 by hastening onset of CNS O2 toxicity.

scholarly journals HDAC stimulates gene expression through BRD4 availability in response to IFN and in interferonopathies

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 3194-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle J. Marié ◽  
Hao-Ming Chang ◽  
David E. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Transcriptional Elongation ◽  
Hdac Inhibition ◽  
Transcriptional Initiation ◽  
Inducible Promoters ◽  
The Common

In contrast to the common role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) for gene repression, HDAC activity provides a required positive function for IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Here, we show that HDAC1/2 as components of the Sin3A complex are required for ISG transcriptional elongation but not for recruitment of RNA polymerase or transcriptional initiation. Transcriptional arrest by HDAC inhibition coincides with failure to recruit the epigenetic reader Brd4 and elongation factor P-TEFb due to sequestration of Brd4 on hyperacetylated chromatin. Brd4 availability is regulated by an equilibrium cycle between opposed acetyltransferase and deacetylase activities that maintains a steady-state pool of free Brd4 available for recruitment to inducible promoters. An ISG expression signature is a hallmark of interferonopathies and other autoimmune diseases. Combined inhibition of HDAC1/2 and Brd4 resolved the aberrant ISG expression detected in cells derived from patients with two inherited interferonopathies, ISG15 and USP18 deficiencies, defining a novel therapeutic approach to ISG-associated autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Tindakan Korupsi sebagai Tindakan Imoral dalam Perspektif Fungsional (Kajian Film Korupsi dan Kita: Rumah Perkara)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Muryanti Muryanti
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Political System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Political Function

Abstrak. Perilaku korupsi dalam perspektif fungsionalisme structural berfungsi sebagai pelumas birokrasi untuk mempercepat sistem birokrasi menjalankan tugasnya. Korupsi merupakan salah satu fungsi melekat dalam fungsi politik dan fungsi ekonomi yang berjalan beriringan untuk memperoleh keuntungan maksimal. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fungsi positif dari korupsi pada sistem politik di film: Korupsi dan Kita: Rumah Perkara. Film ini merupakan salah satu cermin situasi perpolitikan di Indonesia yang sangat rentan dengan perilaku dan tindak pidana korupsi. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan menganalisis data sekunder film dan menganalisisnya dengan perspektif structural fungsional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa fungsi positif dari korupsi benar-benar dijalankan oleh pebisnis untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari bisnisnya tanpa mempertimbangkan moral dan mengabaikan moral itu sendiri. Perilaku bisnis bekerjasama dengan pejabat dengan melakukan suap untuk menggoalkan tujuannya. Kedua belah pihak sama-sama mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal karena kepentingan bisnis dan politik bisa berjalan beriringan. Sisi yang lain, masyarakat banyak menderita karena perilaku korupsi, diantaranya: kehilangan lahan, pekerjaan dan tanah kelahiran.    Kata Kunci: Tindakan Korupsi, Imoral, Amoral dan Struktural Fungsional  Abstract. Corrupt behaviour, in the perspective of structural functionalism, function as the lubricant of bureaucracy to quicken the bureaucracy system in doing their job. Corruption does have political function as well as economical client which runs simultaneously to gain maximum advantage. This writing is aimed to discover the positive function of corruptionin the political system in the movie Korupsidan Kita: RumahPerkara. This movie is one example of political situation in Indonesia which is very vulnerable to corruption. The research method is qualitative by analysing secondary data, which is movie, with structural and functional perspective. The result of the research shows that the positive function of corruption is really done by the businessman to gain advantage towards their business but with ignoring the moral value. In reaching the goal, businessman cooperate with government officers. The two parties get the advantages because business and political importance can actually run together. In the other side, society suffer from this corruption activity for example: losing land, occupation and birthplace.Keywords: corruption, immoral, structural and functional

scholarly journals The Impact of Media in the Socialization Process in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Bukurie Lila
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

Media is one of the main agents of socialization that affects youth the most. Young adults are majority time are surrounded by the media, which brings me to my main question, "How is Mass Media Affecting Socialization in Children and Young Adults in Albania?" To understand this question one must know and understand what socialization is. The socialization process is a very dramatic impact on a child's life. Socialization is a "Continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position". Mass media has enormous effects on our attitudes and behavior which makes it an important contributor to the socialization process. in some ways mass media can serve as a positive function. It helps there to be more diversity, we can learn more about things that are going on in different countries. It can help you learn new things you did not know. Sadly Media can serve as a negative function in young people life. Young people want to be accepted by society and the media creates the ideal image that tells you what the characteristics are to be accepted and to be able to fit in with society. They show what you should look like, how you can look like this, and where to go to buy these things that will make you look right. This is why many young women deal with anorexia because they want to look like the ideal type that the media displays. Media also influences young people to misbehave. Media shows that being deviant makes you cool and look tough and that it's okay to do deviant things. Statistics show that when young people watch violence on television it increases their appetites to become involved in violence. It opens their minds to violence and makes them aware of crimes and people acting deviant. Many people think that the media does not play a role in the socialization process as much as family, peers and education. But in fact the media plays a strong role in the socialization process. The aim of this study is to see the positive and negative effects that the Albanian media plays in the socialization process in Albania.

CLASSIFICATION OF STEADY GRADIENT RICCI SOLITONS ON TWO-MANIFOLDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250049 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIEL BERCU ◽  
MIHAI POSTOLACHE
Keyword(s):  
Riemannian Manifold ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Ricci Solitons ◽  
Gradient Ricci Solitons

In our very recent published work [Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys.8(4) (2011) 783–796], we considered the Riemannian manifold M = ℝ2 endowed with the warped metric ḡ(x, y) = diag (g(y), 1), where g is a positive function, of C∞-class, depending on the variable y only. Within this framework, we found a wide class of 2D gradient Ricci solitons and specialized our results to discuss some case studies. This research is a natural continuation, providing classification results for the subclass of steady gradient Ricci solitons.

Interpersonal Looking as a Function of Status, Self-Esteem, and Sex

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Juni ◽  
Tobi Hershkowitz-Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Experimenter

The incidence of looking at peers and at a figure in authority was recorded in unisex dyads of 20 men and 22 women. Differential looking at the authority (female experimenter) vs looking at peers was a positive function of self-esteem for men but not for women. These results do not support the notion that looking connotes a lack of self-esteem, while confirming other sex differences previously reported.

Critical Exposure and Price-Quality Relationships for New World Wines in the U.S. Market

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Roberts ◽  
Ray Reagans
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Coverage ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Quality Relationships

AbstractNotwithstanding the observed positive correlations between critics' quality ratings and wine prices, the range of these correlations is quite high. In light of this, researchers must consider the factors that either strengthen or weaken the association between quality ratings and prices. In this paper, we propose that the slope of the relationship between quality ratings and wine prices is moderated by the amount of attention that producers receive. Because attention increases with a producer's critical exposure (i.e., its history of critical coverage), price-quality relationships will be steeper for producers with more critical exposure. This prediction is confirmed in an analysis of New World wines selling into the U.S. market over the 1987 to 2001 period. While a wine's price is a positive function of its own quality rating, the strength of the price-quality relationship increases with a producer's critical exposure (JEL classifications: L11, L13, L15).

Le problème de Neumann pour certaines équations du type de Monge-Ampère sur une variété riemannienne

2000 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-788
Author(s):  
Abdellah Hanani
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Partial Differential Equation ◽  
Positive Function ◽  
Neumann Condition ◽  
Normal Vector ◽  
Unit Normal Vector ◽  
Normal Vector Field ◽  
Nonlinear Elliptic ◽  
Unit Normal Vector Field ◽  
Monge Ampere ◽  
Strictly Positive Function

AbstractLet (Mn, g) be a strictly convex riemannian manifold with C∞ boundary. We prove the existence of classical solution for the nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation of Monge-Ampère: det in M with a Neumann condition on the boundary of the form , where is an everywhere strictly positive function satisfying some assumptions, ν stands for the unit normal vector field and is a non-decreasing function in u.

scholarly journals The modular space determined by a positive function

1942 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 946-949
Author(s):  
R. W. Barnard ◽  
H. H. Goldstine
Keyword(s):  
Positive Function ◽  
Modular Space
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