Structural connectivity predicts sequential processing differences in music perception ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archith Rajan ◽  
Apurva Shah ◽  
Madhura Ingalhalikar ◽  
Nandini Chatterjee Singh
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Processing Differences

Instruction Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication Supports: Description of Current Practices by Speech-Language Pathologists Who Work With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn A. Clarke ◽  
Diane L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Processing Differences

Purpose The aim of this research study was to examine common practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with respect to whether or not SLPs consider processing differences in ASD or the effects of input during their instruction. Method Following a qualitative research method, how SLPs instruct and present augmentative and alternative communication systems to individuals with ASD, their rationale for method selection, and their perception of the efficacy of selected interventions were probed. Semistructured interviews were conducted as part of an in-depth case report with content analysis. Results Based on completed interviews, 4 primary themes were identified: (a) instructional method , (b) input provided , (c) decision-making process , and (d) perceived efficacy of treatment . Additionally, one secondary theme, training and education received , was identified . Conclusions Clinicians reported making decisions based on the needs of the child; however, they also reported making decisions based on the diagnostic category that characterized the child (i.e., ASD). The use of modeling when teaching augmentative and alternative communication to individuals with ASD emerged as a theme, but variations in the method of modeling were noted. SLPs did not report regularly considering processing differences in ASD, nor did they consider the effects of input during instruction.

COMPARISON OF METHODS DRYING AND VARIETY FISH OF TESTING APPEARANCE ON DRIEDFISH TYPICAL ACEH (KEUMAMAH)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ismail Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Test Color

Fresh fish processing into a dried fish is a fish processing has been done a long time, the processing of fish based traditional food processing becomes important to preserve cultural heritage in fish processing. Differences drying method in the processing can affect the taste and texture of the fish produced timber. Types of tuna used significantly different to the color produced on the dried fish . The water content produced in this study is 15:57 (w/w %), ash content 1 , 58 ( % ), mean organoleptic test (color: 3.3, taste and smell 3:35, aroma : 3:34). Preferred types of fish are tuna and the most preferred method oven method.Keyword : 

Mapping efficacious deep brain stimulation for pediatric dystonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ailish Coblentz ◽  
Gavin J. B. Elias ◽  
Alexandre Boutet ◽  
Jurgen Germann ◽  
Musleh Algarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Internal Globus Pallidus ◽  
Probabilistic Map ◽  
Deep Brain

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to report the authors’ experience with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) as a treatment for pediatric dystonia, and to elucidate substrates underlying clinical outcome using state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques.METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted in 11 pediatric patients (6 girls and 5 boys, mean age 12 ± 4 years) with medically refractory dystonia who underwent GPi-DBS implantation between June 2009 and September 2017. Using pre- and postoperative MRI, volumes of tissue activated were modeled and weighted by clinical outcome to identify brain regions associated with clinical outcome. Functional and structural networks associated with clinical benefits were also determined using large-scale normative data sets.RESULTSA total of 21 implanted leads were analyzed in 11 patients. The average follow-up duration was 19 ± 20 months (median 5 months). Using a 7-point clinical rating scale, 10 patients showed response to treatment, as defined by scores < 3. The mean improvement in the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor score was 40% ± 23%. The probabilistic map of efficacy showed that the voxel cluster most associated with clinical improvement was located at the posterior aspect of the GPi, comparatively posterior and superior to the coordinates of the classic GPi target. Strong functional and structural connectivity was evident between the probabilistic map and areas such as the precentral and postcentral gyri, parietooccipital cortex, and brainstem.CONCLUSIONSThis study reported on a series of pediatric patients with dystonia in whom GPi-DBS resulted in variable clinical benefit and described a clinically favorable stimulation site for this cohort, as well as its structural and functional connectivity. This information could be valuable for improving surgical planning, simplifying programming, and further informing disease pathophysiology.

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