scholarly journals Multigenerational and transgenerational effects of paternal exposure to drugs of abuse on behavioral and neural function

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 2453-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Goldberg ◽  
Thomas J. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Paternal Exposure

scholarly journals Inter‐ and Transgenerational Effects of Paternal Exposure to Inorganic Arsenic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2002715
Author(s):  
Yingyun Gong ◽  
Yanfeng Xue ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Paternal Exposure

Multi-, Inter-, and Transgenerational Effects of Drugs of Abuse on Behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fair M. Vassoler ◽  
Anika M. Toorie ◽  
Elizabeth M. Byrnes
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Transgenerational Effects

scholarly journals Cocaine self-administration induces sex-dependent protein expression in the nucleus accumbens

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. López ◽  
Amy R. Johnson ◽  
Tanner J. Euston ◽  
Rashaun Wilson ◽  
Suzanne O. Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Molecular Substrates

AbstractSubstance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition characterized by long-lasting alterations in the neural circuitry regulating reward and motivation. Substantial work has focused on characterizing the molecular substrates that underlie these persistent changes in neural function and behavior. However, this work has overwhelmingly focused on male subjects, despite mounting clinical and preclinical evidence that females demonstrate dissimilar progression to SUD and responsivity to stimulant drugs of abuse, such as cocaine. Here, we show that sex is a critical biological variable that defines drug-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we assessed the protein expression patterns induced by cocaine self-administration and demonstrated unique molecular profiles between males and females. We show that 1. Cocaine self-administration induces non-overlapping protein expression patterns in significantly regulated proteins in males and females and 2. Critically, cocaine-induced protein regulation differentially interacts with sex to eliminate basal sexual dimorphisms in the proteome. Finally, eliminating these baseline differences in the proteome is concomitant with the elimination of sex differences in behavior for non-drug rewards. Together, these data suggest that cocaine administration is capable of rewriting basal proteomic function and reward-associated behaviors.

scholarly journals Chronic paternal morphine exposure increases sensitivity to morphine-derived antinociception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre B. Toussaint ◽  
William Foster ◽  
Jessica M. Jones ◽  
Samuel Kaufmann ◽  
Meghan Wachira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Chronic Morphine ◽  
Paternal Exposure ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

AbstractParental exposure to drugs of abuse such as opioids can have profound and long-lasting effects on reward processing and drug sensitivity across generations. However, little is known about the impact of long-term paternal exposure to morphine on offspring sensitivity to morphine-derived antinociception during painful experiences. To address this question, we constructed a rat pain scale at millisecond timescales to measure mechanical nociception in a multigenerational morphine exposure paradigm. Surprisingly, while developing the pain scale, we found that von Frey hair filaments (VFHs), the most common stimuli used in pain research, are not painful to rats and morphine did not change the touch-like responses elicited by VFHs. We next deployed this novel pain scale to determine whether chronic morphine exposure in sires impacted pain sensitivity in the next generation. Offspring produced from a cross of morphine-treated sires and drug-naïve dams, did not show any baseline changes in sensitivity to mechanical nociception. However, morphine-sired male progeny displayed a higher sensitivity to the antinociceptive properties of morphine, as measured by our pain scale. These findings demonstrate that long-term paternal exposure to morphine increases sensitivity to morphine-derived analgesia in the subsequent generation.

The Use of Prescription Drugs and Drugs of Abuse for Neuroenhancement in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa J. Maier ◽  
Michael P. Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Pharmacological neuroenhancement, defined as the misuse of prescription drugs, illicit drugs, or alcohol for the purpose of enhancing cognition, mood, or prosocial behavior, is not widespread in Europe – nevertheless, it does occur. Thus far, no drug has been proven as safe and effective for cognitive enhancement in otherwise healthy individuals. European studies have investigated the misuse of prescription and illicit stimulants to increase cognitive performance as well as the use of tranquilizers, alcohol, and cannabis to cope with stress related to work or education. Young people in educational settings report pharmacological neuroenhancement more frequently than those in other settings. Although the regular use of drugs for neuroenhancement is not common in Europe, the irregular and low-dose usage of neuroenhancers might cause adverse reactions. Previous studies have revealed that obtaining adequate amounts of sleep and using successful learning techniques effectively improve mental performance, whereas pharmacological neuroenhancement is associated with ambiguous effects. Therefore, non-substance-related alternatives should be promoted to cope with stressful situations. This paper reviews the recent research on pharmacological neuroenhancement in Europe, develops a clear definition of the substances used, and formulates recommendations for practitioners regarding how to react to requests for neuroenhancement drug prescriptions. We conclude that monitoring the future development of pharmacological neuroenhancement in Europe is important to provide effective preventive measures when required. Furthermore, substance use to cope with stress related to work or education should be studied in depth because it is likely more prevalent and dangerous than direct neuroenhancement.

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