Prolonged vestibular stimulation induces homeostatic plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in larvalXenopus laevis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1787-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haike Dietrich ◽  
Hans Straka
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

scholarly journals Finding a Balance: A Systematic Review of the Biomechanical Effects of Vestibular Prostheses on Stability in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Felix Haxby ◽  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Reza Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Vestibular Loss ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Meta Analyses

The vestibular system is located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining balance in humans. Bilateral vestibular dysfunction (BVD) is a disorder that adversely affects vestibular function. This results in symptoms such as postural imbalance and vertigo, increasing the incidence of falls and worsening quality of life. Current therapeutic options are often ineffective, with a focus on symptom management. Artificial stimulation of the vestibular system, via a vestibular prosthesis, is a technique being explored to restore vestibular function. This review systematically searched for literature that reported the effect of artificial vestibular stimulation on human behaviours related to balance, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique. A total of 21 papers matched the inclusion criteria of the literature search conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases (February 2019). The populations for these studies included both healthy adults and patients with BVD. In every paper, artificial vestibular stimulation caused an improvement in certain behaviours related to balance, although the extent of the effect varied greatly. Various behaviours were measured such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex, postural sway and certain gait characteristics. Two classes of prosthesis were evaluated and both showed a significant improvement in at least one aspect of balance-related behaviour in every paper included. No adverse effects were reported for prostheses using noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation, however, prosthetic implantation sometimes caused hearing or vestibular loss. Significant heterogeneity in methodology, study population and disease aetiology were observed. The present study confirms the feasibility of vestibular implants in humans for restoring balance in controlled conditions, but more research needs to be conducted to determine their effects on balance in non-clinical settings.

scholarly journals Beyond the vestibulo-ocular reflex: Vestibular input is processed centrally to achieve visual stability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Clinical Neurophysiology ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Ocular Torsion ◽  
Visual Stability ◽  
Vestibular Input ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe current study presents a re-analysis of data from Zink et al. (1998, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 107), who administered galvanic vestibular stimulation through unipolar direct current. They placed electrodes on each mastoid, and applied both right and left anodal stimulation. Ocular torsion and visual tilt were measured under different stimulation intensities. New modelling introduced here demonstrates that directly proportional linear models fit reasonably well to the relationship between vestibular input and visual tilt, but not to that between vestibular input and ocular torsion. Instead, an exponential model characterised by a decreasing slope and an asymptote fitted best. These results demonstrate that in the results presented by Zink et al., ocular torsion could not completely account for visual tilt. This suggests that vestibular input is processed centrally to stabilise vision when ocular torsion is insufficient. Potential mechanisms and seemingly conflicting literature are discussed.

scholarly journals A Method for Studying the Effects of Neurochemicals on Long-Term Compensation in Unilaterally Labyrinthectomized Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Andersson ◽  
Mats Ulfendahl ◽  
Richard Tham
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Intact Side ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Processes

A new method has been developed to study the influence of drugs and toxicants on longterm recovery of dynamics in the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex of the rat after hemilabyrinthectomy (HL). HL was performed by injecting sodium arsanilate into the middle ear. The lesion was confirmed by histology. Eye movements elicited by sinusoidal vestibular stimulation, in both light and darkness, were recorded by a search-coil technique and then analyzed by a computer program created with virtual instrument soft-ware, which calculated the gain of the slow-phase velocity (SPV) and the saccades para-meters (frequency, amplitude, and peak velocity) to the lesioned side and to the intact side separately. During the 2-10 week period after HL, repeated analysis of the spontaneous long-term recovery of such parameters revealed a slight but significant reduction of the post-HL asymmetry between SPV gain to the lesioned side and to the intact side. During the follow-up period, a post-HL increase of the phase lead remained unchanged. The reduced number of saccades/min was not completely restored. To test the usefulness of the experimental model for neurochemical investigation of such adaptation, we administered baclofen and toluene to rats 8–12 wk after hemilabyrinthectomy. Baclofen, a specificGABABagonist, immediately restored the symmetry of SPV gain. By contrast, toluene, which has some effects on the central vestibular system that are related toGABABtransmission, aggravated the asymmetry in both the SPV gain and the number of saccades. We suggest that the experimental model would be useful for studying neurochemical mechanisms in vestibular adaptation processes.

Effect of angular acceleration on the localization performance of a remembered target

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Frank Schmäl ◽  
Barbara Glitz ◽  
Oliver Thiede ◽  
Wolfgang Stoll
Keyword(s):  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
Pointing Error ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Localization Performance ◽  
Self Motion

Both the influence of a remembered “earth-fixed” target (RT) on the vestibulo-ocular reflex and the effect of “unilateral cold caloric vestibular stimulation” on the localization of a RT have previously been proved. As “unilateral caloric stimulation” is not a physiological stimulus, the aim of the present study was to analyze whether even physiological “bilateral vestibular stimulation” (rotation) is able to affect the RT position. The pointing error (PE) towards an RT both without and following angular acceleration was investigated in 24 healthy volunteers. Postrotatory nystagmus response was recorded by electronystagmography. Evaluation parameters were “nystagmus frequency”, “total amplitude” and “velocity of the slow phase”; the horizontal and vertical PE. The fixation of an RT led to a significant reduction of about 28% in nystagmus amplitude compared to the test condition in darkness. “After rotatory stimulation” a systematic horizontal PE in the direction of the fast phase of the postrotatory nystagmus (direction of “illusory self-rotation”) occurred and the magnitude of this PE increased significantly compared to the test situation “without vestibular stimulation”, but showed only a non-uniform negative correlation with two of the nystagmus parameters. It has to be concluded that “after rotatory stimulation”, in contrast to “unilateral cold caloric vestibular stimulation”, the subjective sense of “illusory self-motion” leads to a horizontal PE in the direction of the nystagmus fast phases.

scholarly journals Effects of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Vestibular Compensation in Unilaterally Labyrinthectomized Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gi-Sung Nam ◽  
Thanh Tin Nguyen ◽  
Jin-Ju Kang ◽  
Gyu Cheol Han ◽  
Sun-Young Oh
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Vestibular Compensation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Total Path Length ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Unilateral Labyrinthectomy ◽  
Unilateral Vestibular Deafferentation ◽  
Baseline Values

Objectives: To investigate the ameliorating effects of sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on vestibular compensation from unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) using a mouse model of unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL).Methods: Sixteen male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into two groups that comprise UL groups with GVS (GVS group, n = 9) and without GVS intervention (non-GVS group, n = 7). In the experimental groups, we assessed vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) recovery before (baseline) and at 3, 7, and 14 days after surgical unilateral labyrinthectomy. In the GVS group, stimulation was applied for 30 min daily from postoperative days (PODs) 0–4 via electrodes inserted subcutaneously next to both bony labyrinths.Results: Locomotion and VOR were significantly impaired in the non-GVS group compared to baseline. The mean VOR gain of the non-GVS group was attenuated to 0.23 at POD 3 and recovered continuously to the value of 0.54 at POD 14, but did not reach the baseline values at any frequency. GVS intervention significantly accelerated recovery of locomotion, as assessed by the amount of circling and total path length in the open field tasks compared to the non-GVS groups on PODs 3 (p < 0.001 in both amount of circling and total path length) and 7 (p < 0.01 in amount of circling and p < 0.001 in total path length, Mann–Whitney U-test). GVS also significantly improved VOR gain compared to the non-GVS groups at PODs 3 (p < 0.001), 7 (p < 0.001), and 14 (p < 0.001, independent t-tests) during sinusoidal rotations. In addition, the recovery of the phase responses and asymmetry of the VOR was significantly better in the GVS group than in the non-GVS group until 2 weeks after UVD (phase, p = 0.001; symmetry, p < 0.001 at POD 14).Conclusion: Recoveries for UVD-induced locomotion and VOR deficits were accelerated by an early intervention with GVS, which implies that GVS has the potential to improve vestibular compensation in patients with acute unilateral vestibular failure.

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