scholarly journals One hertz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsal premotor cortex enhances offline motor memory consolidation for sequence-specific implicit learning

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Meehan ◽  
J. R. Zabukovec ◽  
E. Dao ◽  
K. L. Cheung ◽  
M. A. Linsdell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex

Organization of Action Sequences and the Role of the Pre-SMA

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 978-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve W. Kennerley ◽  
K. Sakai ◽  
M.F.S. Rushworth
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Key Press ◽  
Action Sequences

To understand the contribution of the human presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in sequential motor behavior, we performed a series of finger key-press experiments. Experiment 1 revealed that each subject had a spontaneous tendency to organize or “chunk” a long sequence into shorter components. We hypothesized that the pre-SMA might have a special role in initiating each chunk but not at other points during the sequence. Experiment 2 therefore examined the effect of 0.5-s, 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) directed over the pre-SMA. As hypothesized, performance was disrupted when rTMS was delivered over the pre-SMA at the beginning of the second chunk but not when it was delivered in the middle of a chunk. Contrary to the hypothesis, TMS did not disrupt sequence initiation. Experiments 3 and 4 examined whether the very first movement of a sequence could be disrupted under any circumstances. Pre-SMA TMS did disrupt the initiation of sequences but only when subjects had to switch between sequences and when the first movement of each sequence was not covertly instructed by a learned visuomotor association. In conjunction, the results suggest that for overlearned sequences the pre-SMA is primarily concerned with the initiation of a sequence or sequence chunk and the role of the pre-SMA in sequence initiation is only discerned when subjects must retrieve the sequence from memory as a superordinate set of movements without the aid of a visuomotor association. Control experiments revealed such effects were not present when rTMS was applied over the left dorsal premotor cortex.

A novel dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm to probe fast facilitatory inputs from ipsilateral dorsal premotor cortex to primary motor cortex

NeuroImage ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiu Groppa ◽  
Nicole Werner-Petroll ◽  
Alexander Münchau ◽  
Günther Deuschl ◽  
Matthew F.S. Ruschworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Stimulation Paradigm ◽  
Dual Site
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