scholarly journals Estrogen-related receptor β deletion modulates whole-body energy balance via estrogen-related receptor γ and attenuates neuropeptide Y gene expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardi S. Byerly ◽  
Muhannad Al Salayta ◽  
Roy D. Swanson ◽  
Kiwook Kwon ◽  
Jonathan M. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Estrogen Related Receptor

Effect of fescue toxicosis on whole body energy and nitrogen balance, in situ degradation and ruminal passage rates in Holstein steers

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Koontz ◽  
D. H. Kim ◽  
K. R. McLeod ◽  
J. L. Klotz ◽  
D. L. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Treatment Structure

This study was designed to examine alteration of ruminal kinetics, as well as N and energy balance during fescue toxicosis. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (bodyweight (BW) = 217 ± 7 kg) were weight matched into pairs and pair fed throughout a crossover design experiment with a 2×2 factorial treatment structure. Factors were endophyte (infected, E+ vs. uninfected, E−) and feeding level (1100 (L) or 1800 (H) kJ/kG BW.75). During each period, after 8 days of feeding level adaptation, animals were ruminally dosed twice daily with ground fescue seed for the remainder of the period. One steer per pair was dosed with ground endophyte infected fescue seed (E+), the other with ground endophyte free fescue seed. In situ degradation of ground alfalfa was determined on Days 13–16. Total faecal and urinary collections were performed on Days 17–21, with animals placed into indirect calorimetry head-boxes during Days 20 and 21. Heat production (HP) was calculated using the Brower equation. Retained energy (RE) was calculated as intakeE – (faecalE + urinaryE + gaseousE + HP). Liquid and particulate passage rates were evaluated using Cr:EDTA and iADF respectively on Days 22 and 23. There was no difference (P > 0.9) in dry matter intake (DMI)/kg.75 between endophyte treatments, and DMI/kg.75 was different (P < 0.01) between H and L intake by design. Animals on H feeding had higher (P < 0.01) water, N and energy intakes. Energy and N excretion, as well as retained DE, ME, RE, and HP were higher (P < 0.03) for H versus L. There was no difference in retained N, DE, ME, or HP (P > 0.15) between endophyte treatments. Neither rate nor extent of in situ degradation was altered by intake level or endophyte treatment (P > 0.3). DM percentage and DM weight of rumen contents were increased (P < 0.01) by E+ dosing. Particulate passage increased (P = 0.0002) during H intake and decreased (P = 0.02) with E+ dosing. Ruminal liquid passage decreased (P < 0.03) with H feeding, while liquid flow rate tended to be reduced (P < 0.14) with E+ dosing. Total VFA concentration increased with both H feeding (P < 0.01) and E+ dosing (P < 0.0001). Despite these differences, the N and energy balance data indicate that the reductions in weight gain and productivity seen during fescue toxicosis are primarily due to reduced intake.

Hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression during recovery from food restriction superimposed on short-day photoperiod-induced weight loss in the Siberian hamster

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. R1094-R1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë A. Archer ◽  
Kim M. Moar ◽  
Tracy J. Logie ◽  
Laura Reilly ◽  
Valerie Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Short Day

Previously, 40% food restriction of male Siberian hamsters over 21 days in short-day (SD) photoperiod induced characteristic changes in expression of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus energy balance genes; mRNAs for neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, and leptin receptor were upregulated, and those of proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript were depressed. The present study examined the effect of refeeding hamsters for 6 days (∼50% recovery of weight differential) or 19 days (resumption of appropriate weight trajectory). Hyperphagia continued throughout refeeding, but differences in fat pad weights and leptin levels had disappeared after 19 days. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript gene expression was depressed by prior restriction in both refed groups. The depressive effect of prior restriction on proopiomelanocortin gene expression had disappeared after 19 days of refeeding. There was no effect of prior food restriction on neuropeptide Y or agouti-related peptide gene expression. Expression of the anorexigenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor was downregulated in the ventromedial nucleus after SD exposure for 12 wk. In the SD food restriction study, there were effects of photoperiod on brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression but not of prior food restriction. Hypothalamic energy balance genes in the hamster respond asynchronously to return to a seasonally appropriate body weight. The achievement of this weight rather than the weight at which caloric restriction was imposed is the critical factor. The differential responses of hypothalamic energy balance genes to food restriction and refeeding are poorly characterized in any species, a critical issue given their potential relevance to human weight loss strategies that involve caloric restriction.

scholarly journals Over-Expression of Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MGL) in Small Intestine Alters Endocannabinoid Levels and Whole Body Energy Balance, Resulting in Obesity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e43962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Hyoun Chon ◽  
John D. Douglass ◽  
Yin Xiu Zhou ◽  
Nashmia Malik ◽  
Joseph L. Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Monoacylglycerol Lipase ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Body Energy

Hypothalamic AMPK: a canonical regulator of whole-body energy balance

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel López ◽  
Rubén Nogueiras ◽  
Manuel Tena-Sempere ◽  
Carlos Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Energy

Parasite-induced anorexia: leptin, insulin and corticosterone responses to infection with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. ROBERTS ◽  
L. J. HARDIE ◽  
L. H. CHAPPELL ◽  
J. G. MERCER
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The nematode parasite, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, induces a biphasic anorexia in its rat host. The mechanisms, underlying this anorexia and its possible advantages to the host or parasite are unknown. We have investigated the effect of acute (12–24 h) and chronic (2–17 days) infections on plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin and corticosterone, and on hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y, galanin and corticotrophin-releasing factor genes. Plasma leptin was elevated in infected rats relative to uninfected ad libitum-fed controls and pair-fed controls in 12 h infections initiated at dark onset and in infections of 2 days' duration. At other times prior to parasite expulsion, plasma leptin in infected and pair-fed rats was lower than that of uninfected ad libitum-fed controls, reflecting the existing state of negative energy balance. Elevated plasma leptin concentrations in infected rats at day 2 post-infection were accompanied by reduced neuropeptide Y gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus compared with both ad libitum control and pair-fed animals, and by lowered corticotrophin-releasing factor gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus relative to pair-feds. Twelve hour infections were characterized by a substantial increase in plasma corticosterone that was independent of reduced food intake, and in 12 h infections initiated at dark onset, where plasma leptin was elevated, there was also increased plasma insulin concentration in infected rats. In longer infections, differences between the groups in plasma insulin and corticosterone concentration were only observed at day 4 post-infection. In summary, perturbations to leptin, insulin and corticosterone signals early in infection may have a causative role and might feed back onto hypothalamic gene expression, whereas subsequent changes in these parameters are more likely to be secondary to negative energy balance.

Hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase as a mediator of whole body energy balance

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Blanco Martínez de Morentin ◽  
Carmen R. González ◽  
Asisk K. Saha ◽  
Luís Martins ◽  
Carlos Diéguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Body Energy

Hypothalamic Lipids: Key Regulators of Whole Body Energy Balance

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael González-García ◽  
Johan Fernø ◽  
Carlos Diéguez ◽  
Rubén Nogueiras ◽  
Miguel López
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Energy

scholarly journals Analysis of time-dependent adaptations in whole-body energy balance in obesity induced by high-fat diet in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy So ◽  
Mandeep P Gaidhu ◽  
Babak Maghdoori ◽  
Rolando B Ceddia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Body Energy
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