Olfactory identification impairment in early‐and late‐onset obsessive–compulsive disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze‐tian Li ◽  
Shao‐zhen Tan ◽  
Zhi‐hong Lyu ◽  
Lai‐quan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Olfactory Identification

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Functioning in Early- and Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Roth ◽  
Denise Milovan ◽  
Jacinthe Baribeau ◽  
Kieron O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Admixture analysis of age at onset in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD DELORME ◽  
JEAN-LOUIS GOLMARD ◽  
NADIA CHABANE ◽  
BRUNO MILLET ◽  
MARIE-ODILE KREBS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Admixture Analysis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Best Fitting

Background. Age at onset (AAO) has been useful to explore the clinical, neurobiological and genetic heterogeneity of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, none of the various thresholds of AAO used in previous studies have been validated, and it remains an unproven notion that AAO is a marker for different subtypes of OCD. If AAO is a clinical indicator of different biological subtypes, then subgroups based on distinct AAOs should have separate normal distributions as well as different clinical characteristics.Method. Admixture analysis was used to determine the best-fitting model for the observed AAO of 161 OCD patients.Results. The observed distribution of AAO in OCD is a mixture of two Gaussian distributions with mean ages of 11·1±4·1 and 23·5±11·1 years. The first distribution, defined by early-onset OCD, had increased frequency of Tourette's syndrome and increased family history of OCD. The second distribution, defined by late-onset OCD, showed elevated prevalence of general anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder.Conclusions. These results, based on a statistically validated AAO cut-off and those of previous studies on AAO in OCD, suggest that AAO is a crucial phenotypic characteristic in understanding the genetic basis of this disorder.

Impairment of olfactory identification in obsessive–compulsive disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BARNETT ◽  
P. MARUFF ◽  
R. PURCELL ◽  
K. WAINWRIGHT ◽  
M. KYRIOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Spatial Recognition

Background. Olfactory identification ability has been associated with processing in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), an area that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Although olfactory sensitivity is normal in patients with OCD, no study has investigated olfactory identification in this disorder.Methods. A group of 20 subjects with OCD and 23 age- and education-matched controls performed a standardized test of olfactory identification. They also performed computerized tests of spatial memory span, spatial working memory and spatial recognition memory that have been shown previously to be sensitive to cognitive deficits in patients with OCD.Results. Performance on the olfactory identification task, spatial recognition task and spatial span task was significantly worse in the OCD group than controls.Conclusions. While impairment in spatial cognition is consistent with previous studies of OCD, its significance for brain-behaviour models of OCD is unclear. However, the finding of abnormal olfactory identification in patients with OCD is consistent with the hypothesis that there is a disruption to processing at the level of the OFC in the disorder.

Very Late Onset of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Pedro Fernandes ◽  
Daniela Vilaverde ◽  
Daniela Freitas ◽  
Filipa Pereira ◽  
Pedro Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Treatment for Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Parkinsonism

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunlata Agarwal ◽  
Devdutta Biswas ◽  
Raja Sadhu
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Increased fronto-striatal reward prediction errors moderate decision making in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1246-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. U. Hauser ◽  
R. Iannaccone ◽  
R. J. Dolan ◽  
J. Ball ◽  
J. Hättenschwiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has been linked to functional abnormalities in fronto-striatal networks as well as impairments in decision making and learning. Little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms causing these decision-making and learning deficits in OCD, and how they relate to dysfunction in fronto-striatal networks.MethodWe investigated neural mechanisms of decision making in OCD patients, including early and late onset of disorder, in terms of reward prediction errors (RPEs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RPEs index a mismatch between expected and received outcomes, encoded by the dopaminergic system, and are known to drive learning and decision making in humans and animals. We used reinforcement learning models and RPE signals to infer the learning mechanisms and to compare behavioural parameters and neural RPE responses of the OCD patients with those of healthy matched controls.ResultsPatients with OCD showed significantly increased RPE responses in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the putamen compared with controls. OCD patients also had a significantly lower perseveration parameter than controls.ConclusionsEnhanced RPE signals in the ACC and putamen extend previous findings of fronto-striatal deficits in OCD. These abnormally strong RPEs suggest a hyper-responsive learning network in patients with OCD, which might explain their indecisiveness and intolerance of uncertainty.

Late-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Weiss ◽  
Michael A. Jenike
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder
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