Effects of traumatic life events, cognitive biases and variation in dopaminergic genes on psychosis proneness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kotowicz ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽  
Joanna Kłosowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Dopaminergic Genes

The role of self-disturbances and cognitive biases in the relationship between traumatic life events and psychosis proneness in a non-clinical sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽  
Przemysław Adamczyk ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Błażej Misiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Toward a Complex Network of Risks for Psychosis: Combining Trauma, Cognitive Biases, Depression, and Psychotic-like Experiences on a Large Sample of Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Renata Pionke ◽  
Jessica Hartmann ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Andrzej Cechnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Traumatic Life Events

Abstract Although the linkage between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is scarce. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between traumatic life events and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in the population of young adults (18–35 years of age, M = 26.52, SD = 4.74, n = 6772). Our study was conducted within a framework of network analysis. PLEs were measured with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), cognitive biases were measured with nine items from the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-18 (DACOBS-18), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CESD-R) and exposure to traumatic life events was measured with a combination of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC). The results present a network of all nodes being interconnected within and between domains, with no isolated factors. Exposures to sexual trauma were the most central node in the network. Pathways were identified from trauma to PLEs via cognitive biases and depressive symptoms. However, the shortest pathway between the most central traumatic life event and PLEs was through other traumatic life events, without cognitive biases or depressive symptoms along the way. Our findings suggest the importance of environmental adversities as well as dysfunctional information processing and depression in the network of psychosis risks.

scholarly journals The Indirect Effect of Trauma via Cognitive Biases and Self-Disturbances on Psychotic-Like Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pionke-Ubych ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Andrzej Cechnicki ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Łukasz Gawęda
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Behavioral Tasks

Although self-disturbances (SD) are considered to be a core psychopathological feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there is still insufficient empirical data on the mechanisms underlying these anomalous self-experiences. The aim of the present study was to test a hypothesized model in which cognitive biases and exposure to traumatic life events are related to the frequency of SD which, in turn, contribute to the frequency of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Our sample consisted of 193 Polish young adults from the general population (111 females; 18–35 years of age, M = 25.36, SD = 4.69) who experience frequent PLEs. Participants were interviewed for PLEs, SD and social functioning as well as completed self-reported questionnaires and behavioral tasks that measure cognitive biases (e.g., safety behaviors, attention to threat, external attribution, jumping to conclusion, source monitoring, overperceptualization). The model was tested using path analysis with structural equation modeling. All of the hypothesized relationships were statistically significant and our model fit the data well [χ2(23) = 31.201; p = 0.118; RMSEA = 0.043 (90% CI = 0.00–0.078), CFI = 0.985, SRMR = 0.041, TLI = 0.976]. The results revealed a significant indirect effect of traumatic life events on PLEs through SD and self-reported cognitive biases. However, performance-based cognitive biases measured with three behavioral tasks were unrelated to SD and PLEs. The frequency of SD explained a substantial part (43.1%) of the variance in PLEs. Further studies with longitudinal designs and clinical samples are required to verify the predictive value of the model.

scholarly journals Effects of interactions between variation in dopaminergic genes, traumatic life events, and anomalous self-experiences on psychosis proneness: Results from a cross-sectional study in a nonclinical sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Kamila Kotowicz ◽  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽  
Joanna Kłosowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background There is a growing number of studies showing interactions between genetic polymorphisms associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission and traumatic life events (TLEs) on a risk of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) have been associated both with TLEs as well as with PLEs. However, it remains unknown what is the role of ASEs in the complexity of gene–environment interactions on the emergence of PLEs. Patients and methods We included 445 young adults—university students from three big cities in Poland. We used the Traumatic Events Checklist to assess TLEs, the Inventory of Psychotic-Like anomalous self-experiences in order to measure ASEs, and the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ16) to record the level of PLEs. The following gene polymorphisms, related to dopaminergic neurotransmission, were determined: the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 polymorphism, the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) rs6277 polymorphism, and the dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) rs28363170 polymorphism. Results There was a significant effect of the interaction between the DAT1 polymorphism, a severity of ASEs, and a history of TLEs on the level of PLEs. Among the DAT1 10R/10R homozygotes with low level of ASEs, a severity of PLEs was significantly higher in individuals with a history of any TLEs. Higher scores of the PQ16 were associated with a greater severity of ASEs both in the DAT1 9R allele carriers and the DAT1 10R/10R homozygotes. Conclusion Our findings imply that genetic liability related to aberrant dopamine transport might impact the association between TLEs and PLEs in subjects with high levels of ASEs.

Resilience and cognitive biases mediate the relationship between early exposure to traumatic life events and depressive symptoms in young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara Mętel ◽  
Aleksandra Arciszewska ◽  
Artur Daren ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Andrzej Cechnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Impact of the FKBP5 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Traumatic Life Events and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Non-Clinical Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Filip Stramecki ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Katarzyna Prochwicz ◽  
Joanna Kłosowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Common variations of the FKBP5 gene are implicated in psychotic disorders, by modulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity to stress. It has been demonstrated that some of them might moderate the effects of childhood trauma on psychosis proneness. However, these associations have not been investigated with respect to traumatic life events (TLEs). Therefore, we aimed to explore whether the FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate the effects of TLEs on the level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). A total of 535 non-clinical adults were approached for participation, and genotyping of six FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158) was performed. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16) and the Traumatic Events Checklist (TEC) were administered to assess PLEs and TLEs, respectively. Among the rs1360780 CC homozygotes, a history of physical abuse was associated with significantly higher PQ-16 scores. This difference was not significant in the rs1360780 T allele carriers. Similarly, a history of physical abuse was associated with significantly higher PQ-16 scores in the rs9296158 GG homozygotes but not in the rs9296158 A allele carriers. Finally, emotional neglect was related to significantly higher PQ-16 scores in the rs737054 T allele carriers but not in the rs737054 CC homozygotes. The present study indicates that variation in the FKBP5 gene might moderate the effects of lifetime traumatic events on psychosis proneness.

Understanding Why Older People Develop a Wish to Die

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Rurup ◽  
H. R. W. Pasman ◽  
J. Goedhart ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
A. J. F. M. Kerkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Death Wishes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Quantitative studies in several European countries showed that 10–20% of older people have or have had a wish to die. Aims: To improve our understanding of why some older people develop a wish to die. Methods: In-depth interviews with people with a wish to die (n = 31) were carried out. Through open coding and inductive analysis, we developed a conceptual framework to describe the development of death wishes. Respondents were selected from two cohort studies. Results: The wish to die had either been triggered suddenly after traumatic life events or had developed gradually after a life full of adversity, as a consequence of aging or illness, or after recurring depression. The respondents were in a situation they considered unacceptable, yet they felt they had no control to change their situation and thus progressively “gave up” trying. Recurring themes included being widowed, feeling lonely, being a victim, being dependent, and wanting to be useful. Developing thoughts about death as a positive thing or a release from problems seemed to them like a way to reclaim control. Conclusions: People who wish to die originally develop thoughts about death as a positive solution to life events or to an adverse situation, and eventually reach a balance of the wish to live and to die.

Trauma Prevalence in a Prospective Study of Traumatic Life Events

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Frazier ◽  
Margaret Gavian ◽  
Samantha Anders ◽  
Sulani Perera
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
A Prospective Study
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