Human capital transfer of German‐speaking migrants in eastern Europe, 1780s–1820s

As controls on sex, sexuality, and capitalism relaxed in the former Warsaw Pact countries after 1989, pornography and prostitution flourished. The main center of both industries in the 90s in Centra land Eastern Europe was Prague, which also became the favored destination of Westerners eager to explore the "new Paris."Gay porn and male prostitutes were among Prague's attractions. As the Westernmost outpost of the Slavic world, Prague had always had a special place in the Orientalist construct of Eastern Europe. West of Berlin and Vienna, Prague was nevertheless perceived as the East by its German-speaking neighbors. As I have shown elsewhere, conservatives in Eastern Europe regularly conflated sexual dissidence with political dissidence. Valentin Rasputin, for example, said of homosexuality, "That kind of contact between men is a foreign import. If they feel their rights are infringed they can always go and live in another country." A similar reaction to gay pornography and prostitution in Prague can be found in the films of Wiktor Grodecki. Wiktor Grodecki is a Pole who studied film in the US, then returned to Poland in 1992. His three films about Czech rent boys, Not Angels,but Angels (Andělé nejsou andělé 1994), Bodywithout Soul (Tělo bez duše1996), and Mandragora (1997) purport to be objective, honest documentaries in which (in the language of the video box) the boys'' "frankness and need to talk become the engine that drivesthe film." In reality, Grodecki's films are both highly manipulated and highly manipulative in ways that serve to enforce "normal" sexuality while demonizing various "abnormal" sexual practices. At the same time they portray these practices as an import from the colonizing capitalist West.

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COSTS OF THE HUMAN CAPITAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL POTENTIAL IN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY - No 1 (2018) ◽

10.35774/jee2020.01.182 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 182-196

Author(s):

Alexander PSHINKO ◽

Liudmila GOLOVKOVA ◽

Viktoriia KOLOMIIETS ◽

Liliia DOBRYK

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Social Protection ◽

Accounting System ◽

Capital Costs ◽

Budget Analysis ◽

Potential Development ◽

The Social ◽

Social Potential

Nowadays, human capital and social potential become the most valuable resource for the harmonious development of the national economy. Expenditure on human capital and social development should occupy a significant part in the state budgets of countries. Therefore, accounting of such expenses is extremely important. The purpose of the study is to reveal the possibility of accounting for expenditures on the human capital and social potential development in the accounting system of the Central and Eastern Europe, provide recommendations for the current accounting system. The research revealed the plurality and ambiguity of the interpretation for the categories «human capital» and «social potential». The regulatory and legislative uncertainty complicates the accounting of the human capital costs and development of the social potential. These categories must be defined by law. As per normative and methodological basis for the accounting of the human capital, it would be better to apply the International Financial Reporting Standards. The absence or misrepresentation of information about available human capital are contrary to IFRS requirements and reduces or exaggerates the value of the organization. It is offered in IFRS, to provide a comprehensive accounting of the cost for the human capital and developing social capacity. The budget of the Central and Eastern European countries includes only the costs of social protection, health, education, recreation, culture, religion. After the budget analysis was conducted, the authors proposed to develop new objects of accounting (human capital, social potential), accounting standards for it. A part of the GDP expenses should be directed to the financing of the human capital expenditures and social potential development. JEL: E24, G41, H83.

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The human capital of Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe in European perspective

10.4054/mpidr-wp-2012-002 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jörg Baten ◽

Mikołaj Szołtysek

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

European Perspective ◽

Central Eastern

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Yiddish

Linguistics ◽

10.1093/obo/9780199772810-0235 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Beider

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

20Th Century ◽

Central Europe ◽

Western Europe ◽

18Th Century ◽

System Level ◽

Modern Times ◽

The Holocaust ◽

German Speaking ◽

Linguistic Basis

According to its main system-level characteristics, Yiddish belongs to the High German branch of West Germanic languages. During its development, it underwent an important influence of Hebrew. In modern times, we can distinguish three main varieties of Yiddish: (1) Western Yiddish in western German-speaking territories; (2) Yiddish spoken until the 20th century in Central Europe (Czech and East German lands), and (3) Eastern Yiddish in eastern Europe. From the point of view of Germanistics, it is appropriate to consider that the inception of Yiddish varieties corresponds to the Early New High German period (1350–1650). It was during that period that the Jewish vernacular idiom started to have system-level differences in comparison to the dialects spoken by German Christians, namely, in phonology and grammar. Before that period, differences surely existed in such domains, surface level for any language, as orthography and lexicon. The German dialects from southern Germany represent the linguistic basis for Western Yiddish. The medieval Bohemian dialect of German represents the linguistic basis for Yiddish spoken in Central Europe and eastern Europe. Due to permanent contacts with the Slavic Christian population, Eastern Yiddish underwent numerous changes in all of its systems due to the strong influence of Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian. It eventually branched into three subdialects: Lithuanian Yiddish, Polish Yiddish, and Ukrainian Yiddish. In modern times, in numerous countries the decline of the use of Yiddish as a living language was related to the assimilation of local Jews to the culture of the Gentile majority. At the end of the 18th century and during the 19th century it was the case in various German-speaking provinces of Central Europe and western Europe where local Jews abandoned Yiddish in favor to German. Similar shifts to the dominant non-Jewish languages took place during the 20th century in various western European countries. In the USSR, during the 1920s and the 1930s the shift to Russian was already well advanced. For those who survived the Holocaust, the assimilation accelerated during the following decades. In Poland, Lithuania, Hungary, and Romania, Yiddish-speaking communities were decimated by the Holocaust. In North America, most immigrant families shifted to English within a generation or two. Yet, because of a permanent influx of masses of native speakers between the 1880s and the 1920s, Yiddish was actively used until the mid-20th century even in certain secular Jewish groups. However, during the second half of the 20th century its decline was accelerated outside of certain Haredi groups.

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Stabilisierung der Regionalentwicklung durch Rückwanderung?

Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie ◽

10.1515/zfw.2010.0006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anke Matuschewski

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

East Germany ◽

Theoretical Concept ◽

Exploratory Case Study ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

Quantitative Level ◽

Capital Transfer ◽

Research Concept ◽

Multi Level

Stabilising regional development through re-migration? A theoretical concept and an empirical case study in East Germany. Migration is an important channel for the transfer of human capital. A growing emphasis has been placed on re-migration as a possibility of re-gaining human capital. The paper aims to critically review theoretical approaches to re-migration and introduces a multi level research concept. This concept has been implemented in an exploratory case study on the effects of re-migration in East Germany. The paper presents selected results with respect to human capital transfer and gives an outlook on the possibilities to apply the concept on a quantitative level.

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