Revising growth history: new estimates of GDP for Norway, 1816–2019†

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Honningdal Grytten
Keyword(s):  
Growth History

scholarly journals Ice processes and growth history on Arctic and sub-Arctic lakes using ERS-1 SAR data

Polar Record ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (177) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Morris ◽  
M. O. Jeffries ◽  
W. F. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Lakes ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Lake Ice ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
The North ◽  
Growth History ◽  
North Slope Of Alaska ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractA survey of ice growth and decay processes on a selection of shallow and deep sub-Arctic and Arctic lakes was conducted using radiometrically calibrated ERS-1 SAR images. Time series of radar backscatter data were compiled for selected sites on the lakes during the period of ice cover (September to June) for the years 1991–92 and 1992–93. A variety of lake-ice processes could be observed, and significant changes in backscatter occurred from the time of initial ice formation in autumn until the onset of the spring thaw. Backscatter also varied according to the location and depth of the lakes. The spatial and temporal changes in backscatter were most constant and predictable at the shallow lakes on the North Slope of Alaska. As a consequence, they represent the most promising sites for long-term monitoring and the detection of changes related to global warming and its effects on the polar regions.

scholarly journals Orbital Tumour: Thirty Years' Growth; History of Injury

BMJ ◽  
1896 ◽  
Vol 1 (1833) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
J. B. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Tumour ◽  
Growth History ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The inclusions of SiO2 in sublithospheric diamonds

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 948-957
Author(s):  
D. A. Zedgenizov ◽  
A. L. Ragozin ◽  
H. Kagi ◽  
H. Yurimoto ◽  
V. S. Shatsky
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Growth History ◽  
Crustal Origin

The specific features of the mineralogy of SiO2 inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds are described in this study. Such diamonds are characterized by a complex growth history with stages of growth and dissolution and postgrowth processes of deformation and crushing. The nitrogen content in all studied crystals does not exceed 71 ppm and nitrogen is detected only as B-defects. The carbon isotope composition of diamonds varies widely from -26.5 to -6.7 ‰ of δ13С. SiO2 inclusions associate with omphacitic clinopyroxenes, majoritic garnets, CaSiO3, jeffbenite and ferropericlase. All SiO2 inclusions are coesite, which is often accompanied by micro-blocks of kyanite. These phases are suggested to represent the product of the retrograde transformation of the primary Al-stishovite. Significant internal stresses in the inclusions and deformations around them can be evidence of thise phase transformation. The heavier oxygen isotope composition of SiO2 inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds (up to 12.9 δ18O) indicates the crustal origin of their protoliths. The observed anti-correlation of δ18O of SiO2 inclusions and δ13C of their host diamonds reflects the processes of interaction of slab-derived melts with reduced mantle rocks at depths above 270 km.

scholarly journals A Palestinian Growth History, 1968-2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Dessus
Keyword(s):  
Growth History

Marine Authigenic Deposits Mineral - New Fields for the Development of Rare Earth Resources

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1748-1751
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Chang Shui Liu ◽  
Lian Feng Gao ◽  
Zhen Guo Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Growth History ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
The World ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Rare Earth Mineral

Rare earth metals are an important strategic resource. Due to scarce reserves, and large consumer demand, it is facing the crisis of resource depletion. Marine are the largest deposits sites in the world. In the long growth history, marine autogenic sedimentary mineral, such as polymetallic nodules, crusts with large quantities, not only contain the enrichment of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other valuable metals, but also contain extremely rare earth elements (REE) in the crust. Thus, in the process of developing marine mineral resources, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other metals are used, while it is possible for the development and utilization of the associated rare earth mineral. Marine may become a new field of rare earth resources development.

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