scholarly journals Differences in the virulence of Sphaeropsis sapinea strains originating from Scots pine and non‐pine hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Bußkamp ◽  
Kathrin Blumenstein ◽  
Eeva Terhonen ◽  
Gitta Jutta Langer
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea

scholarly journals Latent Infection of Austrian and Scots Pine Tissues by Sphaeropsis sapinea

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Flowers ◽  
E. Nuckles ◽  
J. Hartman ◽  
L. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This study documents latent infection of Austrian and Scots pine tissues by Sphaeropsis sapinea, the causal agent of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease. Symptomless shoots from diseased or apparently healthy Austrian and Scots pine trees were cultured and analyzed for the presence of S. sapinea. Nearly half of the sampled Austrian and Scots pine trees that appeared to be completely healthy had detectable latent S. sapinea infections. More than half of the symptomless shoots on visibly diseased Austrian and Scots pine trees were also latently infected with S. sapinea. S. sapinea was isolated from symptomless shoot stems, needles, buds, immature cones, and male flowers. In symptomless infected shoots, the fungus was primarily associated with the bark and phloem tissues. Six isolates of S. sapinea from symptomless Austrian and Scots pine shoot tissues were pathogenic on Austrian pine seedlings in the greenhouse. The presence of S. sapinea in symptomless tissues of tip blight-diseased trees has important implications for disease management.

scholarly journals Sphaeropsis sapinea and Associated Endophytes in Scots Pine: Interactions and Effect on the Host Under Variable Water Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Blumenstein ◽  
Johanna Bußkamp ◽  
Gitta Jutta Langer ◽  
Rebekka Schlößer ◽  
Natalia Marion Parra Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea ◽  
Blight Disease

The ascomycete Sphaeropsis sapinea is the causal agent of the Diplodia Tip Blight disease on pines and other conifer species. This fungus has a symptomless endophytic life stage. Disease symptoms become visible when trees have been weakened by abiotic stress, usually related to warmer temperatures and drought. Currently, this disease is observed regularly in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sites in parts of Europe, such as Germany, increasing dramatically in the last decade. Changes in climatic conditions will gradually increase the damage caused by this fungus, because it is favored by elevated temperature. Thus, host trees with reduced vitality due to climate change-related environmental stress are expected to be more susceptible to an outbreak of Diplodia Tip Blight disease. There is currently no established and effective method to control S. sapinea. This project aims to reveal the nature of the endophyte community of Scots pine. Utilizing the antagonistic core community of endophytes could serve as a novel tool for disease control. Results from this study provide a starting point for new solutions to improve forest health and counter S. sapinea disease outbreaks. We screened potential antagonistic endophytes against S. sapinea and infected Scots pine seedlings with the most common endophytes and S. sapinea alone and combination. The host was stressed by limiting access to water. The antagonism study revealed 13 possible fungi with the ability to inhibit the growth of S. sapinea in vitro, for example Sydowia polyspora. None of the tested co-infected fungi (Desmazierella acicola, Didymellaceae sp., Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Sydowia polyspora, and Truncatella conorum-piceae) showed strong necrosis development in vivo, even when host stress increased due to drought. However, the infection experiment demonstrated that drought conditions enhance the effect of the disease outbreak, triggering S. sapinea to cause more necrosis in the infected twigs.

Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings subjected to artificial infection with the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Barbara Vornam ◽  
Ludger Leinemann ◽  
Franziska S. Peters ◽  
Alexander Wolff ◽  
Andreas Leha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea

scholarly journals The most important mycoses of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) in the Avala area

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Latan Radulović ◽  
Aleksandar Lučić ◽  
Katarina Mladenović ◽  
Ivan Milenković
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea

Austrian pine is one of the species most often used for afforestation in our conditions. In the area of Avala, afforestation with Austrian and Scots pine began in 1899. The stands of Austrian pine located on the northern and northwestern foothills of the Avala Landscape of Outstanding Features are 115 years old, while the stands on the southern and southeastern side are about 65 years old. Two-year research in the area of Avala recorded the presence of 18 species of fungi on Austrian pine. Out of that number, 6 fungi were found on needles, 5 on needles and seeds, 2 on roots and stem bases, 1 on cones, 3 on trunks and branches and 1 species in vascular bundles. Of all the species, the greatest damage is caused by Sphaeropsis sapinea and species of the Armillaria genus.

scholarly journals The most important parasitic and saprophytic fungi in Austrian pine and Scots pine plantations in Serbia

2008 ◽  
pp. 147-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Karadzic ◽  
Tanja Milijasevic
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea ◽  
Great Damage

In Austrian pine plantations in Serbia, the greatest damage is caused by the fungi Mycosphaerella pini, Sphaeropsis sapinea, Cenangium ferruginosum, Germmeniella abietina (in the mountain regions) and occasionally Armillaria spp., Lophodermium spp. (seditiosum, conigenum, pinastri) and Cyclaneusma niveum. In Scots pine plantations, the greatest damage is caused by the fungi Heterobasidion annosum (especially in plantations on sandy soils), Armillaria spp, Lophodermium seditiosum, L. pinastri, Cyclaneusma minus and Sphaeropsis sapinea. Damage caused by rust fungi (Coleosporium sennecionis, Melampsora pinitorqua and Cronartium flaccidum) occurs less frequently. In mountainous regions in Scots pine plantations, great damage is caused by Phacidium infestans, Lophodermella sulcigena and Gremmeniella abietina.

scholarly journals Sphaeropsis sapinea and fungal endophyte diversity in twigs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-999
Author(s):  
Johanna Bußkamp ◽  
Gitta Jutta Langer ◽  
Ewald Johannes Langer
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea
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