Migration of pinewood nematode promotes the colonization of Esteya vermicola in pine tree

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai‐Hua Wang ◽  
Can Yin ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Yu‐Lou Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Esteya Vermicola

scholarly journals The specialization of Esteya vermicola hyphae in infection to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and its colonization of pine tree

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Hua Wang ◽  
Can Yin ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Piao-Piao Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Esteya Vermicola

AbstractPine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a serious problem on pines, and there is currently no effective control strategy for this disease. Although the endoparasitic fungus Esteya vermicola showed great effectiveness in controlling pine wilt disease, the colonization patterns of the host pine tree xylem by this fungus are unknown. To investigate the colonization patterns of pine xylem by this fungus, the species Pinus koraiensis grown in a greenhouse was used as an experimental host tree. The fungal colonization of healthy and wilting pine trees by E. vermicola was quantified using PCR with a TaqMan probe, and a green fluorescence protein (GFP) transformant was used for visualization. The results reported a specific infection approach used by E. vermicola to infect B. xylophilus and specialized fungal parasitic cells in PWN infection. In addition, the inoculated blastospores of E. vermicola germinated and grew inside of healthy pine xylem, although the growth rate was slow. Moreover, E. vermicola extended into the pine xylem following spray inoculation of wounded pine seedling stems, and a significant increase in fungal quantity was observed in response to B. xylophilus invasion. An accelerated extension of E. vermicola colonization was shown in PWN-infected wilting pine trees, due to the immigration of fungal-infected PWNs. Our results provide helpful knowledge about the extension rate of this fungus in healthy and wilting PWN-susceptible pine trees in the biological control of PWD and will contribute to the development of a management method for PWD control in the field.Author summaryPine wilt disease, caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has infected most pine forests in Asian and European forests and led to enormous losses of forest ecosystem and economy. Esteya vermicola is a bio-control fungus against pinewood nematode, showed excellent control efficient to pine wilt disease in both of greenhouse experiments and field tests. Although this bio-control agent was well known for the management of pine wilt disease, the infection mechanism of fungal infection and colonization of host pine tree are less understand. Here, we use GFP-tagged mutant to investigate the fungal infection to pinewood nematode; additionally, the temporal and spatial dynamics of E. vermicola colonize to pine tree were determined by the TaqMan real-time PCR quantification, as well as the response to pinewood nematode invasion. We found a specific infection approach used by E. vermicola to infect B. xylophilus and specialized fungal parasitic cells in PWN infection. In addition, the fungal germination and extension inside of pine tree xylem after inoculation were revealed. In addition, the quantity of E. vermicola increased as response to pinewood nematode invasion was reported. Our study provides two novel technologies for the visualization and detection of E. vermicola for the future investigations of fungal colonization and its parasitism against pinewood nematode, and the mechanisms of the bio-control process.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Reveals the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Its Defense Response to Host-Derived α-pinene

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxia Li ◽  
Fanli Meng ◽  
Xun Deng ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yuqian Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is fatal to the pine trees around the world. The production of the pine tree secondary metabolite gradually increases in response to a B. xylophilus infestation, via a stress reaction mechanism(s). α-pinene is needed to combat the early stages of B. xylophilus infection and colonization, and to counter its pathogenesis. Therefore, research is needed to characterize the underlying molecular response(s) of B. xylophilus to resist α-pinene. We examined the effects of different concentrations of α-pinene on the mortality and reproduction rate of B. xylophilus in vitro. The molecular response by which B. xylophilus resists α-pinene was examined via comparative transcriptomics of the nematode. Notably, B. xylophilus genes involved in detoxification, transport, and receptor activities were differentially expressed in response to two different concentrations of α-pinene compared with control. Our results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which B. xylophilus responds to monoterpenes in general, and the pathogenesis of B. xylophilus.

Growth of Esteya vermicola in media amended with nitrogen sources yields conidia with increased predacity and resistance to environmental stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Chun Yan Wang ◽  
Li Juan Gu ◽  
Yun Bo Wang ◽  
Yong An Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Esteya Vermicola ◽  
And Control

Esteya vermicola , an endoparasitic fungus of pinewood nematode, exhibits great potential as a biological agent against nematodes. In this study to enhance the sporulation, predacity, and environmental resistance of E. vermicola, various nitrogen sources, such as glycine, l-leucine, and ammonium nitrate, were tested. The supplement of glycine and l-leucine had a significant influence on the growth rate of the colony, enhancing colony dry mass by 5-fold more than did ammonium nitrate or the control. Of the nitrogen sources tested, ammonium nitrate and l-leucine promoted sporulation, yielding more than 6 × 106 CFU/g, while glycine enhanced the proportion of lunate spores. Meanwhile, the supplement of nitrogen sources had a significant influence on adhesive rate and mortality rate against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus . Moreover, the supplement of glycine enhanced the survival rate against heat stress by more than 3-fold that of l-leucine, ammonium nitrate, and control. The spores produced in media amended with glycine, l-leucine, and ammonium nitrate had slightly but not significantly higher UV resistance and drought resistance than spores produced without nitrogen sources. These results suggested that the addition of glycine resulted in the production of E. vermicola conidia with increased predacity and resistance to environmental stress that may be more suitable for control of pine wilt disease.

Biological control of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by application of the endoparasitic fungus Esteya vermicola

BioControl ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Wang ◽  
Zhe Ming Fang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Dong Liang Zhang ◽  
Li Juan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Esteya Vermicola

scholarly journals Development of a Real-Time TaqMan PCR Method for Absolute Quantification of the Biocontrol Agent Esteya vermicola

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694-1700
Author(s):  
Hai-Hua Wang ◽  
Can Yin ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Chun-Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Taqman Pcr ◽  
Esteya Vermicola ◽  
The Absolute

Esteya vermicola has been used as an effective biocontrol agent for the management of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Tools for monitoring the colonization and parasitism patterns of E. vermicola are required for the development of highly effective biocontrol strategies. Because the TaqMan PCR technique is effective for quantification of species in environmental samples, a real-time PCR-based methodology was developed for absolute quantification of E. vermicola via internal standard addition and extrapolation of DNA quantity to hyphal length. Primers and a probe for the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of E. vermicola were designed, and nested TaqMan real-time PCR-based quantification was performed. In addition, internal standard-based yield measurement was correlated to the absolute quantity of target genomic DNA. Moreover, an extrapolation curve obtained by optical microscopy and image analysis of the mycelia was constructed for the measurement of fungal hyphal length. The absolute quantification method developed in the present study provides a sensitive and accurate technique to quantify fungal density in either wood or other substrate samples and can be used as an effective tool for future studies of biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Host Deception: Predaceous Fungus, Esteya vermicola, Entices Pine Wood Nematode by Mimicking the Scent of Pine Tree for Nutrient

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e71676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lin ◽  
Jianling Ye ◽  
Huaguang Wang ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Boguang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Esteya Vermicola

Comparison between conidia and blastospores of Esteya vermicola, an endoparasitic fungus of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429-2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Bo Wang ◽  
Zhi-Hong Yang ◽  
Jiao-Jiao Yu ◽  
Yong-An Zhang ◽  
Jian-Jie Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Esteya Vermicola

Attraction of Pinewood Nematode to Endoparasitic Nematophagous Fungus Esteya vermicola

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Wang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Zhe Ming Fang ◽  
Dong Liang Zhang ◽  
Li Juan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematophagous Fungus ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Esteya Vermicola
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