scholarly journals Chemical defence responses of Norway spruce to two fungal pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolin Axelsson ◽  
Amene Zendegi‐Shiraz ◽  
Gunilla Swedjemark ◽  
Anna‐Karin Borg‐Karlson ◽  
Tao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Defence Responses

scholarly journals Changes in phenolic acids and stilbenes induced in embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by two fractions of Sirococcus strobilinus mycelian

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malá ◽  
M. Hrubcová ◽  
P. Máchová ◽  
H. Cvrčková ◽  
O. Martincová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
In Cells

We examined defence responses in embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) elicited by intracellular protein and cell wall fractions (PF and WF, respectively) prepared from mycelia of the fungus Sirococcus strobilinus Preuss focusing on changes in (soluble and cell wall-bound) phenolic and stilbene concentrations. Treatment with both preparations induced an increase in the total contents of phenolic acids in Norway spruce cells and variations in the levels of stilbene glycosides. More rapid and intense induction of defence response was observed in cells after WF application. The contents of soluble phenolic acids (especially benzoic acid derivatives) and cell wall-bound phenolic acids (especially ferulic acid) started to increase (relative to controls) within 4 h after the addition of the WF preparation and remained high in elicited cells for 8–12 h. A moderate increase in phenolic acids in cells exposed to the PF preparation was observed within 8 h after application. However, after 24 h of WF treatment a decline of total phenolics was observed, while in PF elicited Norway spruce cells the phenolic content continued to increase. Significantly decreased concentrations of stilbene glycosides, isorhapontin, astringin and piceid, were determined in PF and WF treated Norway spruce cell cultures. The total content of stilbene glycosides decreased within 8 h after WF application to 68% of the amount determined in the control and within 12 h to 73% of the control in PF-treated cells. These results demonstrate that both PF and WF prepared from the Sirococcus strobilinus mycelium elicit changes in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, which are involved in the defence responses of plants to pathogens.

scholarly journals Merocoenoses of cambioxylophagous insect fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) with focus on bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and types of tree damage in different gradation conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kula ◽  
W. Ząbecki
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Endemic Population

Research on merocoenoses of cambioxylophagous insect fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was carried out in spruce stands of different age in the area with an endemic population (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic) and in the area with an epidemic population (Beskid Żywiecki, Poland) of the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.). The structure of merocoenoses was characterized separately for standing trees attacked by bark beetles, trees struck by lightning, trees affected by fungal pathogens and wind-felling and trees in the form of snags and fragments. The occurrence of cambioxylophagous insects, mostly bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was compared between the study areas with emphasis on dominant facultative primary bark beetles and types of damage to spruce trees.  

Resistance Induction in Plants by a Brassinosteroid-Containing Extract of Lychnis viscaria L.

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Roth ◽  
Annette Friebe ◽  
Heide Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Lychnis Viscaria ◽  
Anti Fungal

Abstract Resistance inducing effects of an extract of Lychnis viscaria L. seeds, containing different brassinosteroids (BR), were investigated. Application of aqueous solutions in concentrations from 0.5 to 10 mg/l (dry wt. of extract) resulted in an enhanced resistance of tobacco, cucumber and tomato to viral and fungal pathogens of up to 36% compared with water-treated control plants. No direct anti-fungal effects in mycelium growth assays with Phytophthora infestans could be observed. After treatment and inoculation with powdery mildew a stimulation of different PR-proteins (ca. + 20% for peroxidase, + 30% for chitinase and up to + 68% for β-1,3-glucanase) in cucumber was found. A chitinase in gel-electrophoresisassay showed a stronger induction of a distinct isoform under the same conditions. Time course of peroxidase induction and changes of apoplastic protein patterns revealed by SDS-PAGE indicated an earlier triggering of defence responses after plant-extract treatment and pathogen attack, probably being responsible for the increased resistance. Involvement of the brassinosteroids in the plant extract is discussed to elicit or mediate the activation of defence-mechanisms.

scholarly journals The pathogenic white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum triggers non-specific defence responses in the bark of Norway spruce

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1262-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arnerup ◽  
M. Lind ◽  
A. Olson ◽  
J. Stenlid ◽  
M. Elfstrand
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Defence Responses

Elicitor-Induced Defence Reactions in Cell Suspension Cultures of Soybean Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 718-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Groten ◽  
Wolfgang Barz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Defence Reactions

Abstract Suspension cultured soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cells of four cultivars (Wilis, Lumut, Kalmit, Doko RC) were compared for their response to different fungal and bacterial elicitors. Cells were treated either with crude cell wall extracts of the fungal pathogens Phytophthora sojae (Pmg-elicitor) and Rhizoctonia solani (Riso-elicitor) or with two isolates of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (Psg01/02) and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial defence reactions was measured. Cells of all four cultivars showed the same elicitor-induced rapid (H2O2 accumulation, alkalinization of the culture medium, peroxidative cross-linking of cell wall proteins) and slow (activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism, accumulation of phenolic compounds, induction of PR-proteins) defence responses. However, the reactivity of the cultivars was not identical in terms of time courses and intensities. Furthermore, the ability of the various elicitors to induce defence responses varied markedly. These differences indicate that (1) cells of the same species but of different cultivars are equipped with the same array of perception systems to recognise various stimuli but (2 ) the sensitivity of these perception systems or later steps in the signal transduction seem to be stimulated to a different extent in the analysed cultivars.

scholarly journals Effect of phenology on susceptibility of Norway spruce (Picea abies) to fungal pathogens

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Krokene ◽  
E. Lahr ◽  
L. S. Dalen ◽  
T. Skrøppa ◽  
H. Solheim
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Fungal Pathogens

scholarly journals Heterobasidionspp, triggers non-specific defence responses in bark of Norway spruce

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (S7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Elfstrand ◽  
Jenny Arnerup ◽  
Karl Lundén ◽  
Marie Danielsson ◽  
Marten Lind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Defence Responses

Defence responses induced in embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce by two fractions of Gremmeniella abietina mycelia

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cvikrová ◽  
J. Malá ◽  
M. Hrubcová ◽  
O. Martincová ◽  
H. Cvrčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Embryogenic Cultures ◽  
Defence Responses

scholarly journals Effector identification in the pine pathogen Dothistroma septosporum

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
L. Hunziker ◽  
C.H. Mesarich ◽  
R.L. McDougal ◽  
R.E. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Dothistroma Septosporum ◽  
Needle Blight

Effectors are molecules produced by plantassociated organisms such as fungal pathogens that facilitate infection of specific plant hosts Some effectors directly or indirectly suppress host defence responses while others help to mask the foreign invader from recognition by the plant Plants can also recognise and respond to specific effectors to mount a resistance response Thus the study of effectors is important for an understanding of plantpathogen interactions Dothistroma septosporum causes Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) a conifer disease of worldwide importance In this study effector genes specific to the D septosporumPinus radiata interaction were identified A bioinformatics pipeline was employed to predict effector candidates on the basis of characteristics such as secretion from the fungus and expression in planta Using this pipeline 55 effector candidates for future analysis were identified

Induced resistance of Norway spruce, variation of phenolic compounds and their effects on fungal pathogens

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Evensen ◽  
H. Solheim ◽  
K. Høiland ◽  
J. Stenersen
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens
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