First report on the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi from Latvia

2020 ◽  
pp. e12601
Author(s):  
Ilze Matisone ◽  
Kristīne Kenigsvalde ◽  
Astra Zaļuma ◽  
Natālija Burņeviča ◽  
Ilze Šņepste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals First Report of Elm Canker Caused by Pestalotiopsis mangiferae in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Patel ◽  
D. Norman ◽  
M. Brennan ◽  
G. S. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
First Report ◽  
Conidial Morphology ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.) is native to China, Korea, and Japan and was introduced to the U.S. to replace the American elm, which is highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease. Cultivar Emmer II trademark Allee elm (or Allee elm) is preferred by nurseries for its rich green foliage and beauty of bark. In the summer of 2011, a new disease was observed on Allee elm at a tree farm in FL. Approximately 1% of elms in the same farm and in residential areas in central Florida had similar canker-like symptoms consisting of tan to orange patches of decomposed and loose bark. These symptoms were observed on the main trunks often extending into branches of affected trees. Cankered sections of the trunk were often several feet in length and penetrated the wood to a depth just under the bark into the phloem. To isolate the causal organism, cankers were gathered from 7 trees and tissues from the margin of 1 to 3 cankers per tree were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite, plated on PDA, and incubated at 22°C under a 16-h/8-h light/dark cycle for 7 days. Colonies displayed white, fluffy mycelium with sporadic black acervuli containing aggregated conidia. Conidia were 5-celled with two or more apical appendages or hairs; the three central cells were dark brown and the two outer cells were hyaline (1). Based on conidial morphology, these isolates were putatively identified as Pestalotiopsis spp. To identify the species, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was sequenced for two field isolates (GenBank Accessions JX999998 and JX999999). A BLASTn search in GenBank revealed 100% identity to Pestalotiopsis mangiferae ITS (JX305704.1). To test Koch's postulates, experiments were performed in the field and greenhouse. A mycelial plug of isolate 11-40 was grown on PDA, inoculated on wounded trunk of healthy 18-month-old Allee elms (n = 48) in the field and 7-month-old Allee elms (n = 12) in the greenhouse. Both experiments were set up as a randomized complete block design. The trunk of each tree was wounded with a scalpel to a depth of 5 mm, the wound was inoculated with a 5-mm2 agar plug from a 7-day PDA culture, and the inoculated wound was wrapped with grafting tape. Plants that served as negative controls [n = 20 (field experiment) and n = 12 (greenhouse)] were mock-inoculated with a sterile PDA plug without mycelial growth. After 4 to 6 months, symptoms consisting of loose or fallen off bark developed on all pathogen-inoculated trees but not on control trees. Control wounds healed with no expansion beyond the original 5 mm inoculation zone, whereas Pestalotiopsis-inoculated cankers expanded to 3 to 8 cm in each direction in 6 months. Pestalotiopsis (confirmed by conidial morphology and ITS sequencing) was reisolated from pathogen-inoculated trees but not from control trees. These experiments were repeated with similar results at least three times, each consisting of 15 replications (greenhouse) and 12 replications (field) with additional Pestalotiopsis isolates. Many other Pestaliopsis spp. have been reported on other shade trees through the U.S. and the world. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. mangiferae on an Ulmus species in the U.S. and the world. Since elm canker mainly affects the trunk, a featured characteristic of the Allee elm, it can potentially result in economic loss to the ornamental industry. References: (1) Y. Ko et al. Plant Dis. 91:1684, 2007. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.

scholarly journals First Report of the Spittlebug Lepyronia quadrangularis and the Leafhopper Latalus sp. as Vectors of the Elm Yellows Associated Phytoplasma, Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rosa ◽  
E. McCarthy ◽  
K. Duong ◽  
G. Hoover ◽  
G. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
State University ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
Elm Yellows

Elm yellows (EY) is a lethal disease of American (Ulmus americana L.) and other elm species (1). On the Pennsylvania State University campus, EY, together with Dutch elm disease, has killed 82 of about 400 mature elms since 2007, the year of first EY detection. Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi, associated with EY, has been reported to be transmitted by the whitebanded elm leafhopper Scaphoideus luteolus Van Duzee, the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius L., and the leafhopper Allygus atomarius Fabricius (1) in North America, but correlation of these insects with EY in the eastern United States has not been reported. Three Cicadellidae collections using sweep nets and aspirators were performed from July to September 2012 on branches of an EY infected red elm (U. rubra Muh; 40°48.408′N, 77°52.208′W) and on vegetation within a 0.5 km radius. The red elm is in close proximity to trees, shrubs, and a managed meadow and has repeatedly tested positive for EY since 2007. During each collection, about 200 cicadellids were captured in BioQuip No-See-Um catch bags with cups, and the bags were hung around the red elm branches, forcing the insects to feed on the infected tree for 24 h. Insects were transferred to BugDorm rearing tents containing wild grasses, elm seedlings, cowpeas, celery, carrots, and basil, all grown from seed, and were kept for 3 weeks in a controlled environment chamber at 28°C and 70% humidity with a 16-h photoperiod. Insects easily recognized in the same species or individual insects of uncertain identity were then isolated for about 1 week in cages each containing one 6-month-old healthy American elm seedling (grown from seed in growth chamber). Up to 10 morphospecies were found in each collection, with 1 to 20 individuals per morphospecies. The total number of unique morphospecies used in the three transmission trials and later identified as different species was 8. Dead insects collected daily were stored in 80% ethanol and later identified to genus or species level. About 70% insect mortality was recorded, but about 60 individuals from each collection survived the change of diet and environment. After 3 months, individual elm seedlings were tested by RT-PCR (3) for the presence of phytoplasmas using universal primers fU5/rU3 (2). PCR products were visualized on 1.5% agarose gel, and if DNA was amplified, it was cloned and sequenced. Three of 30 seedlings tested positive for phytoplasmas and sequencing of the cloned products (24 clones were sequenced per transformation, per each of the three positive seedlings) confirmed that only Ca. P. ulmi was present in the 3 infected seedlings but not in the remaining 27 or in 46 unexposed control seedlings. The 3 seedlings were each exposed to a single insect and the same insects that were used in the transmission trial were identified. One spittlebug (Cercopidae) Lepyronia quadrangularis Say, one P. spumarius, and one leafhopper in the genus Latalus (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) were identified as vectors. The phytoplasma-positive seedlings showed stunting and yellowing, and died shortly after testing. Other insects captured and identified in the survey were A. atomarius, Neophilaenus lineatus L., Metcalfa pruinosa Say, Amblysellus curtisii Fitch and individuals in the genera Draeculacephala, Elymana, Empoasca, Mesamia, Stroggylocephalus, and Ceratagallia. S. luteolus was not captured during this sampling but was captured on yellow sticky traps and in light traps in previous years at other locations on the campus. This is the first report suggesting that L. quadrangularis and Latalus sp. can serve as natural vectors of EY. References: (1) P. Herath et al. Plant Dis. 94:1355, 2010. (2) H. Lorenz et al. Phytopathology 85:771, 1995. (3) P. Margaria et al. Plant Dis. 91:1496, 2007.

scholarly journals First report of the Dutch elm disease pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi in Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Masuya ◽  
C. Brasier ◽  
Y. Ichihara ◽  
T. Kubono ◽  
N. Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Ophiostoma Ulmi ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals First report of Geosmithia langdonii and Geosmithia spp. isolated from a decaying elm (Ulmus minor) in Geneva, Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Hänzi ◽  
Bastien Cochard ◽  
Romain Chablais ◽  
Julien Crovadore ◽  
François Lefort
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
First Report ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Nucleotide Database ◽  
First Time

Abstract The mortality of a young elm Ulmus minor in 2014 in Geneva prompted a search for the microorganisms potentially involved. Symptoms included foliar chlorosis and wilting followed by defoliation of branches. Wood symptoms included a brown streaking of sap wood and brown stains in trunk and branches. The comparison of the resulting ITS rDNA sequences to the NCBI Nucleotide database allowed to identify 10 different organisms. The genus Geosmithia represented 48% of the isolates belonging to three species: Geosmithia langdonii (7 isolates) and 2 unknown morphologically and genetically different Geosmithia sp. 1 and sp. 2 (4 isolates). Geosmithia species are very little known ascomycetes, which have been recently shown to be opportunistic pathogens on broadleaved trees and conifers, living as saprobes in galleries of many bark beetle species. In the case described here, Geosmithia langdonii, and the unknown Geosmithia species were found in symptomatic wood while bark beetle galleries were found in close regions of the symptomatic wood. Geosmithia langdonii was the major fungus retrieved from the symptomatic wood and could have contributed, along with other identified fungal species, to a pathogenic complex producing symptoms similar to the ones of the Dutch Elm Disease and led to the dieback of this elm tree. Geosmithia langdonii and 2 yet unknown Geosmithia species (sp. 1 and sp. 2), different from any other reported Geosmithia species are reported from an elm tree in Switzerland for the first time.

A fossil Aspergillus from Eocene Dominican amber

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard M. Thomas ◽  
George O. Poinar
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Dominican Amber ◽  
Eocene Amber

A sporulating Aspergillus is described from a piece of Eocene amber originating from the Dominican Republic. The Aspergillus most closely resembles a form of the white spored phase of Aspergillus janus Raper and Thom. This is the first report of a fossil species of Aspergillus.

Studies on the Fungal Pathogen of Dutch Elm Disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
H.M. Mazzone ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
R. Zerillo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Control Plate

The fungal pathogen of the Dutch elm disease (DED), Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, has eluded effective control since its introduction in the United States more than sixty years ago. Our studies on DED include establishing biological control agents against C. ulmi. In this report we describe the inhibitory action of the antibiotic polymyxin B on the causal agent of DED.In screening a number of antibiotics against C. ulmi, we observed that filter paper discs containing 300 units (U) of polymyxin B (Difco Laboratories) per disc, produced zones of inhibition to the fungus grown on potato dextrose agar or Sabouraud agar plates (100mm x 15mm), Fig. 1a. Total inhibition of fungal growth on a plate occurred when agar overlays containing fungus and antibiotic (polymyxin B sulfate, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) were poured on the underlying agar growth medium. The agar overlays consisted of the following: 4.5 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus (control plate); 4.0 ml of 0.7% agar, 0.5 ml of fungus, 0.5 ml of polymyxin B sulfate (77,700 U). Fig. 1, b and c, compares a control plate and polymyxin plate after seven days.

The Microscopy of Compatibility and Incompatibility in Ulmus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
B. L. Redmond ◽  
Christopher F. Bob
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Chinese Elm

The American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) has been plagued by Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a lethal disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) c. Moreau. Since its initial appearance in North America around 1930, DED has wrought inexorable devastation on the American elm population, triggering both environmental and economic losses. In response to the havoc caused by the disease, many attempts have been made to hybridize U. americana with a few ornamentally less desirable, though highly DED resistant, Asian species (mainly the Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., and the Chinese elm Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.). The goal is to develop, through breeding efforts, hybrid progeny that display the ornamentally desirable characteristics of U. americana with the disease resistance of the Asian species. Unfortunately, however, all attempts to hybridize U. americana have been prevented by incompatibility. Only through a firm understanding of both compatibility and incompatibility will it be possible to circumvent the incompatibility and hence achieve hybridization.

1392: First Report of a New Transurethral Detaching Prostatectomy of the Prostate (TUDP)

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 377-378
Author(s):  
Yasunori Hiraoka ◽  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Yuji Shimizu ◽  
Hiroyuki Abe
Keyword(s):  
First Report
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