Species‐specific responses to warming alter community composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia R. Tituskin ◽  
Shane M. Waddell ◽  
Karen E. Mabry
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Species-specific responses to climate change and community composition determine future calcification rates of Florida Keys reefs

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remy R. Okazaki ◽  
Erica K. Towle ◽  
Ruben van Hooidonk ◽  
Carolina Mor ◽  
Rivah N. Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Hunter-gatherers in context: Mammal community composition in a northern Tanzania landscape used by Hadza foragers and Datoga pastoralists

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Wood ◽  
Riccardo S. Millar ◽  
Nicholas Wright ◽  
Joshua Baumgartner ◽  
Hannah Holmquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Mammal Community ◽  
Species Specific

In many regions of sub Saharan Africa large mammals occur in human-dominated areas, yet their community composition and species-specific densities have rarely been described in areas occupied by traditional hunter-gatherers and pastoralists. Surveys of mammal populations in such areas provide important measures of biodiversity and provide ecological context for understanding hunting practices. Using a sampling grid centered on a Hadza hunter-gatherer camp and covering 36 km² of semi-arid savannah in northern Tanzania, we assessed mammals using camera traps (n = 19 stations) for c. 5 months (2,182 trap nights). In the study area (Tli’ika in the Hadza language), we recorded 36 wild mammal species, resembling a near complete mammal community. Rarefaction curves suggest that sampling effort was sufficient to capture mammal species richness. Species-specific densities were estimated using a random encounter model and site- and species’ body mass- specific estimates of the area sampled at each camera; confidence intervals were estimated using bootstrapping. Point estimates of densities varied by c. four orders of magnitude, from 0.003 ind./km² (African wild dog) to 27.5 ind./km² (Kirk’s dik dik). Densities of livestock (cattle, donkey, sheep and goat) were high, particularly when estimated using directly observed herd sizes. Cumulative biomass density of herbivorous livestock species exceeded that of all wild mammals by a factor of 3.3-38.7. We compare our study’s data to camera trap rates recorded in a fully protected area of northern Tanzania with similar precipitation (Lake Manyara National Park), revealing that abundance indices of most wildlife species in Tli’ika were much lower. We discuss how these data inform studies of Hadza hunting and models of hunter-gatherer foraging ecology and diet.

scholarly journals Short-term responses to ocean acidification: effects on relative abundance of eukaryotic plankton from the tropical Timor Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rahlff ◽  
Sahar Khodami ◽  
Lisa Voskuhl ◽  
Matthew P. Humphreys ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Timor Sea ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions drive climate change and pose one of the major challenges of our century. The effects of increased CO2 in the form of ocean acidification (OA) on the communities of marine planktonic eukaryotes in tropical regions such as the Timor Sea are barely understood. Here, we show the effects of high CO2 (pCO2=1823±161 μatm, pHT=7.46±0.05) versus in situ CO2 (pCO2=504±42 μatm, pHT=7.95±0.04) seawater on the community composition of marine planktonic eukaryotes immediately and after 48 hours of treatment exposure in a shipboard microcosm experiment. Illumina sequencing of the V9 hypervariable region of 18S rRNA (gene) was used to study the eukaryotic community composition. Down-regulation of extracellular carbonic anhydrase occurred faster in the high CO2 treatment. Increased CO2 significantly suppressed the relative abundances of different eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including important primary producers. These effects were consistent between abundant (DNA-based) and active (cDNA-based) taxa after 48 hours, e.g., for the diatoms Trieres chinensis and Stephanopyxis turris. Effects were also very species-specific among different diatoms. Planktonic eukaryotes showed adaptation to the CO2 treatment over time, but many OTUs were adversely affected by decreasing pH. OA effects might fundamentally impact the base of marine biodiversity, suggesting profound outcomes for food web functioning in the future ocean.

scholarly journals Emergence Shapes the Structure of the Seed Microbiota

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Barret ◽  
Martial Briand ◽  
Sophie Bonneau ◽  
Anne Préveaux ◽  
Sophie Valière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Marker ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Diversity Studies

ABSTRACTSeeds carry complex microbial communities, which may exert beneficial or deleterious effects on plant growth and plant health. To date, the composition of microbial communities associated with seeds has been explored mainly through culture-based diversity studies and therefore remains largely unknown. In this work, we analyzed the structures of the seed microbiotas of different plants from the family Brassicaceae and their dynamics during germination and emergence through sequencing of three molecular markers: the ITS1 region of the fungal internal transcribed spacer, the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, and a species-specific bacterial marker based on a fragment ofgyrB. Sequence analyses revealed important variations in microbial community composition between seed samples. Moreover, we found that emergence strongly influences the structure of the microbiota, with a marked reduction of bacterial and fungal diversity. This shift in the microbial community composition is mostly due to an increase in the relative abundance of some bacterial and fungal taxa possessing fast-growing abilities. Altogether, our results provide an estimation of the role of the seed as a source of inoculum for the seedling, which is crucial for practical applications in developing new strategies of inoculation for disease prevention.

scholarly journals Macrophyte Species Drive the Variation of Bacterioplankton Community Composition in a Shallow Freshwater Lake

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zeng ◽  
Yuanqi Bian ◽  
Peng Xing ◽  
Qinglong L. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Clone Libraries ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Macrophyte Species ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microcosm Studies ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTMacrophytes play an important role in structuring aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we explored whether macrophyte species are involved in determining the bacterioplankton community composition (BCC) in shallow freshwater lakes. The BCC in field areas dominated by different macrophyte species in Taihu Lake, a large, shallow freshwater lake, was investigated over a 1-year period. Subsequently, microcosm experiments were conducted to determine if single species of different types of macrophytes in an isolated environment would alter the BCC. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), followed by cloning and sequence analysis of selected samples, was employed to analyze the BCC. The DGGE results of the field investigations indicated that the BCC changed significantly from season to season and that the presence of different macrophyte species resulted in lower BCC similarities in the summer and fall. LIBSHUFF analysis of selected clone libraries from the summer demonstrated different BCCs in the water column surrounding different macrophytes. Relative to the field observations, the microcosm studies indicated that the BCC differed more pronouncedly when associated with different species of macrophytes, which was also supported by LIBSHUFF analysis of the selected clone libraries. Overall, this study suggested that macrophyte species might be an important factor in determining the composition of bacterial communities in this shallow freshwater lake and that the species-specific influence of macrophytes on BCC is variable with the season and distance.

scholarly journals Effect of Lake Trophic Status and Rooted Macrophytes on Community Composition and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Prokaryotes in Freshwater Sediments

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 3127-3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Herrmann ◽  
Aaron M. Saunders ◽  
Andreas Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Lake Trophic Status ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Softwater Lakes ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pcr Targeting

ABSTRACT Communities of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in freshwater sediments and those in association with the root system of the macrophyte species Littorella uniflora, Juncus bulbosus, and Myriophyllum alterniflorum were compared for seven oligotrophic to mesotrophic softwater lakes and acidic heathland pools. Archaeal and bacterial ammonia monooxygenase alpha-subunit (amoA) gene diversity increased from oligotrophic to mesotrophic sites; the number of detected operational taxonomic units was positively correlated to ammonia availability and pH and negatively correlated to sediment C/N ratios. AOA communities could be grouped according to lake trophic status and pH; plant species-specific communities were not detected, and no grouping was apparent for AOB communities. Relative abundance, determined by quantitative PCR targeting amoA, was always low for AOB (<0.05% of all prokaryotes) and slightly higher for AOA in unvegetated sediment and AOA in association with M. alterniflorum (0.01 to 2%), while AOA accounted for up to 5% in the rhizospheres of L. uniflora and J. bulbosus. These results indicate that (i) AOA are at least as numerous as AOB in freshwater sediments, (ii) aquatic macrophytes with substantial release of oxygen and organic carbon into their rhizospheres, like L. uniflora and J. bulbosus, increase AOA abundance; and (iii) AOA community composition is generally determined by lake trophy, not by plant species-specific interactions.

scholarly journals Four Years Continuous Monitoring Reveals Different Effects of Urban Constructed Wetlands on Bats

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Radmila Petric ◽  
Zinah Alazzawi ◽  
Jake Kauzlarich ◽  
Rania H. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Artificial Wetlands ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The City ◽  
Term Monitoring

Proactive artificial wetland constructions have been implemented to mitigate the loss of wetlands and their ecosystem services. As wetlands are habitats for bats, short-term (one or two years) studies find that constructed wetlands can immediately increase local bat activity and diversity. However, it is not clear how constructed wetlands affect bats through time while the wetlands are aging. We collected four years of continuous bat acoustic monitoring data at two constructed wetlands in an urban park in Greensboro, NC, USA. We examined bat activity and community composition patterns at these wetlands and compared them with reference sites in the city. With four years of data, we found that the effects of constructed wetlands were both habitat- and species-specific. The wetland in forests significantly increased bat activity, while the wetland in the open grass altered bat community composition. Specifically, in terms of species, we found that over time, constructed wetlands no longer attracted more big brown, silver-haired, or evening bats than control sites while the wetlands aged, highlighting the need to study broadly how each bat species uses natural and artificial wetlands. We emphasize the importance of long-term monitoring and the periodical evaluation of wildlife conservation actions.

scholarly journals Changes in composition and abundance of functional groups of arctic fungi in response to long-term summer warming

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 20160503 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Geml ◽  
Tatiana A. Semenova ◽  
Luis N. Morgado ◽  
Jeffrey M. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Summer Warming ◽  
Species Specific

We characterized fungal communities in dry and moist tundra and investigated the effect of long-term experimental summer warming on three aspects of functional groups of arctic fungi: richness, community composition and species abundance. Warming had profound effects on community composition, abundance, and, to a lesser extent, on richness of fungal functional groups. In addition, our data show that even within functional groups, the direction and extent of response to warming tend to be species-specific and we recommend that studies on fungal communities and their roles in nutrient cycling take into account species-level responses.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Mediterranean Shallow Coastal Fish Communities along a Gradient of Marine Protection

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Marshak ◽  
Just Cebrian ◽  
Kenneth L. Heck ◽  
Crystal L. Hightower ◽  
Andrea M. Kroetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Fish Density ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Species Specific

The importance of habitat factors in designing marine reserves and evaluating their performance over time has been regularly documented. Over three biennial sampling periods, we examined the effects of vegetated coverage and habitat diversity (i.e., patchiness) on fish density, community composition, and species-specific patterns along a gradient of protection from harvest in the shallow Spanish southern Mediterranean, including portions of the Tabarca marine reserve. With the exception of two herbivores (Sarpa salpa and Symphodus tinca), vegetated cover did not significantly affect fish densities, while habitat diversity was an influential factor across all three sampling periods. Overall, fish density was more positively associated with more continuous vegetated or unvegetated habitats, and was greatest in areas of highest protection (Tabarca II – Isla Nao site). These patterns were usually observed for four abundant fish species (Boops boops, Chromis chromis, Oblada melanura, and S. salpa). Fish community composition was distinct in the most protected portion of the Tabarca reserve, where it was also most stable. Our findings align with previous investigations of the Tabarca reserve and its surrounding areas, and demonstrate its continued effectiveness in conserving fish biomass and habitat. Together with effective management, marine reserves can facilitate greater species abundance, more stable biological communities, and resilient ecosystems.

A glance into the black box: Novel species-specific quantitative real-time PCR assays to disentangle aquatic hyphomycete community composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 100858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Baudy ◽  
Jochen P. Zubrod ◽  
Nina Röder ◽  
Christiane Baschien ◽  
Alexander Feckler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Species Specific
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