Sex differences in survival: viability selection in nymphal tree crickets from a conopid fly parasitoid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A. Etzler ◽  
Darryl T. Gwynne
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Viability Selection

scholarly journals Effects of Differential Selection in the Sexes on Cytonuclear Dynamics: Life Stages With Sex Differences

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 2063-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina S Babcock ◽  
Marjorie A Asmussen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Differential Selection ◽  
Viability Selection ◽  
Sign Patterns ◽  
Neutral Marker ◽  
Constant Fertility ◽  
Qualitative Dynamics ◽  
Frequency Changes

Abstract We extend our investigation of cytonuclear selection by determining when differential selection between the sexes will generate allele frequency changes or cytonuclear disequilibria in populations with constant viability selection and an adult census. We demonstrate analytically that there can be a cytonuclear hitchhiking effect upon a selectively neutral marker in either sex provided the other marker is selected in that sex and there is allelic disequilibrium between the loci in females. Cytonuclear disequilibria are generated de novo in both sexes when both loci affect fitness in females and there is a nonmultiplicative fitness interaction between them. Similar fitness interactions in males generate male disequilibria only. Through numerical analyses, we investigate the potential magnitude of such disequilibria, their qualitative dynamics, the expected frequency of detectable disequilibria under particular patterns or strengths of selection, and the possible disequilibrium sign patterns resulting from selection. These adult/viability results subsume those for populations with a gamete census and either constant fertility or viability selection. Although previous work suggests that the disequilibria generated by cytonuclear selection may be difficult to detect experimentally, this study shows that cytonuclear disequilibria at life stages with sex differences can be useful markers of the presence and strength of selection.

Author response for "Sex differences in the brains of capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus [Cebus] apella )"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Hecht ◽  
Olivia T. Reilly ◽  
Marcela Benítez ◽  
Kimberley A. Phillips ◽  
Sarah Brosnan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys

Auditory Perception of Rhyming in Kindergarten Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
June D. Knafle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Consonant Sounds

One hundred and eighty-nine kindergarten children were given a CVCC rhyming test which included four slightly different types of auditory differentiation. They obtained a greater number of correct scores on categories that provided maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds than they did on categories that provided less than maximum contrasts of final consonant sounds. For both sexes, significant differences were found between the categories; although the sex differences were not significant, girls made more correct rhyming responses than boys on the most difficult category.

Beyond Sex Differences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Keverne
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences
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