Novel evidence for systemic induction of silicon defences in cucumber following attack by a global insect herbivore

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarikul Islam ◽  
Ben D. Moore ◽  
Scott N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Systemic Induction

scholarly journals Agonistic CD40 therapy induces tertiary lymphoid structures but impairs responses to checkpoint blockade in glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luuk van Hooren ◽  
Alessandra Vaccaro ◽  
Mohanraj Ramachandran ◽  
Konstantinos Vazaios ◽  
Sylwia Libard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Systemic Induction ◽  
T Cell Infiltration ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Opening Up

AbstractGliomas are brain tumors characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Immunostimulatory agonistic CD40 antibodies (αCD40) are in clinical development for solid tumors, but are yet to be evaluated for glioma. Here, we demonstrate that systemic delivery of αCD40 in preclinical glioma models induces the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in proximity of meningeal tissue. In treatment-naïve glioma patients, the presence of TLS correlates with increased T cell infiltration. However, systemic delivery of αCD40 induces hypofunctional T cells and impairs the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in pre-clinical glioma models. This is associated with a systemic induction of suppressive CD11b+ B cells post-αCD40 treatment, which accumulate in the tumor microenvironment. Our work unveils the pleiotropic effects of αCD40 therapy in glioma and reveals that immunotherapies can modulate TLS formation in the brain, opening up for future opportunities to regulate the immune response.

Characterisation of 14 microsatellite markers for the Australian fig psylloid, Mycopsylla fici

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fromont ◽  
Markus Riegler ◽  
James M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Moreton Bay ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Two Populations

The Australian fig psylloid, Mycopsylla fici, is a sap-feeding insect herbivore that is host-specific to the Moreton Bay fig, Ficus macrophylla. It has periodic major outbreaks that can cause complete defoliation of individual trees and massive decrease in local leaf and fruit availability, with significant effects for many insect and vertebrate species that utilise the tree’s resources. We used ⅛ of an Illumina MiSeq run to sequence genomic DNA from two pools of five psylloids from two different field sites. We identified 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci and characterised them in 43 individuals from two populations (Sydney and Lord Howe Island, Australia). Within populations, the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 15 per locus with observed heterozygosity of 0–0.9. Four loci deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The microsatellite primers will be useful for the study of population genetics and gene flow within and between psylloid populations.

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