scholarly journals Diel periodicity of a terrestrial arthropod community: diversity, composition, and body size

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-762
Author(s):  
Marshall S. McMunn ◽  
Joel D. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Diel Periodicity ◽  
Arthropod Community

scholarly journals Heterozygous Trees Rebound the Fastest after Felling by Beavers to Positively Affect Arthropod Community Diversity

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Faith M. Walker ◽  
Rachel Durben ◽  
Stephen M. Shuster ◽  
Richard L. Lindroth ◽  
Thomas G. Whitham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Arthropod Community

Although genetic diversity within stands of trees is known to have community-level consequences, whether such effects are present at an even finer genetic scale is unknown. We examined the hypothesis that genetic variability (heterozygosity) within an individual plant would affect its dependent community, which adds a new dimension to the importance of genetic diversity. Our study contrasted foliar arthropod community diversity and microsatellite marker-derived measures of genetic diversity of cottonwood (Populus fremontii) trees that had been felled by beavers (Castor canadensis) and were resprouting, relative to adjacent standing, unfelled trees. Three patterns emerged: 1. Productivity (specific leaf area), phytochemical defenses (salicortin), and arthropod community richness, abundance, and diversity were positively correlated with the heterozygosity of individual felled trees, but not with that of unfelled trees; 2. These relationships were not explained by population substructure, genetic relatedness of the trees, or hybridization; 3. The underlying mechanism appears to be that beaver herbivory stimulates increased productivity (i.e., 2× increase from the most homozygous to the most heterozygous tree) that is the greatest in more heterozygous trees. Salicortin defenses in twigs were also expressed at higher concentrations in more heterozygous trees (i.e., 3× increase from the most homozygous to the most heterozygous tree), which suggests that this compound may dissuade further herbivory by beavers, as has been found for other mammalian herbivores. We suggest that high stress to trees as a consequence of felling reveals a heterozygosity–productivity linkage, which in turn is attractive to arthropods. Although experiments are required to demonstrate causality, these results link the genetic diversity of individual trees to community diversity, supporting the hypothesis that interactions among foundation species (beavers and trees) have community-level effects, and underscores the importance of genetic diversity for biodiversity, conservation, and restoration.

scholarly journals Genetics-based interactions of foundation species affect community diversity, stability and network structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1854) ◽  
pp. 20162703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Keith ◽  
Joseph K. Bailey ◽  
Matthew K. Lau ◽  
Thomas G. Whitham
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Foundation Species ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Stability

We examined the hypothesis that genetics-based interactions between strongly interacting foundation species, the tree Populus angustifolia and the aphid Pemphigus betae , affect arthropod community diversity, stability and species interaction networks of which little is known. In a 2-year experimental manipulation of the tree and its aphid herbivore four major findings emerged: (i) the interactions of these two species determined the composition of an arthropod community of 139 species; (ii) both tree genotype and aphid presence significantly predicted community diversity; (iii) the presence of aphids on genetically susceptible trees increased the stability of arthropod communities across years; and (iv) the experimental removal of aphids affected community network structure (network degree, modularity and tree genotype contribution to modularity). These findings demonstrate that the interactions of foundation species are genetically based, which in turn significantly contributes to community diversity, stability and species interaction networks. These experiments provide an important step in understanding the evolution of Darwin's ‘entangled bank’, a metaphor that characterizes the complexity and interconnectedness of communities in the wild.

scholarly journals Non-pest household arthropods as a reservoir of human opportunistic pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Boiocchi ◽  
Romaine Derelle ◽  
Matthew Davies ◽  
Luisa Orsini ◽  
Anthony Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Community Diversity ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
First Time ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Arthropods are recognised as potential mechanical and biological vectors for infectious diseases in outdoor environments. However, a comprehensive understanding of the indoor arthropod community diversity and of the role that their associated microbiota may have as disease vectors is largely unexplored. Here, we study the arthropod community and the associated microbiota diversity of twenty indoor environments, sampled over a period of twelve months from urban and suburban households by citizen scientists in the West Midlands (UK). We compare the arthropods diversity between environments and over the sampling months. We characterize the exogenous (exoskeleton) and endogenous (gut) bacterial communities associated with all specimens of arthropods actively captured using both a traditional culture-based and an unbiased metabarcoding approach. For the first time, we describe the exogenous and endogenous microbiota composition and diversity of 14 arthropod families found in indoor environments. We find that both the exogenous and the endogenous microbiota are potential carriers of human opportunistic pathogens, with potential implications for public health. We discover that many bacteria families are shared across the exogenous microbiota of arthropods, likely influenced by the bacteria present in the environment. Conversely, the endogenous microbiota composition is unique to the arthropod families, and likely genetically determined. We show that the metabarcoding unbiased approach is a superior tool to characterize the microbiota associated with each arthropod family. This study provides new insights into bacterial carriage in household arthropods as potential reservoirs of infectious disease.

scholarly journals Soil meso-and micro arthropod community diversity in the burned areas ofPinus massonianaplantation at different restoration stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 2531-2544
Author(s):  
杨大星 YANG Daxing ◽  
杨茂发 YANG Maofa ◽  
徐进 XU Jin ◽  
尚小丽 SHANG Xiaoli
Keyword(s):  
Community Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Burned Areas

scholarly journals A systematic review of arthropod community diversity in association with invasive plants

NeoBiota ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 81-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Spafford ◽  
Christopher Lortie ◽  
Bradley Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Community

Diversity and patterns of interaction of an anuran–parasite network in a neotropical wetland

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (14) ◽  
pp. 1751-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. CAMPIÃO ◽  
A. RIBAS ◽  
L. E. R. TAVARES
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYWe describe the diversity and structure of a host–parasite network of 11 anuran species and their helminth parasites in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Specifically, we investigate how the heterogeneous use of space by hosts changes parasite community diversity, and how the local pool of parasites exploits sympatric host species of different habits. We examined 229 anuran specimens, interacting with 32 helminth parasite taxa. Mixed effect models indicated the influence of anuran body size, but not habit, as a determinant of parasite species richness. Variation in parasite taxonomic diversity, however, was not significantly correlated with host size or habit. Parasite community composition was not correlated with host phylogeny, indicating no strong effect of the evolutionary relationships among anurans on the similarities in their parasite communities. Host–parasite network showed a nested and non-modular pattern of interaction, which is probably a result of the low host specificity observed for most helminths in this study. Overall, we found host body size was important in determining parasite community richness, whereas low parasite specificity was important to network structure.

scholarly journals Abundance, diversity and body size: patterns from a grassland arthropod community

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
EvaN. Siemann ◽  
David Tilman ◽  
JohN. Haarstad
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Arthropod Community

Plant genotypic diversity and environmental stress interact to negatively affect arthropod community diversity

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. Kanaga ◽  
Leigh C. Latta ◽  
Karen E. Mock ◽  
Ronald J. Ryel ◽  
Richard L. Lindroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Community

Asymmetries affecting aggressive contests between solitary parasitoids: the effect of host species

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Guerra-Grenier ◽  
Paul K Abram ◽  
Jacques Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Solitary Parasitoid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Telenomus Podisi

Abstract Conflicts in animals are usually resolved based on asymmetries, where contest winners are often those that value a resource the most and/or those who have the greatest potential to retain it. In parasitoid wasps, contests between females determine which individual exploits hosts for offspring production. Previous studies on solitary parasitoids rarely considered the role of biotic factors generating phenotypic variation that could influence the strength of asymmetries. Some parasitoid species parasitize host species of various sizes, producing offspring that vary considerably in size and potentially fighting ability. In this study, we reared the egg endoparasitoid Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on two host species to measure the effect of body size on contest resolution and how it interacts with ownership and resource value (RV) asymmetries. Our results showed that ownership status best predicts the final contest outcome when similar-sized wasps fight over hosts. The frequency and outcomes of individual fights structuring contests were better explained by the difference in the number of eggs laid in the hosts by each female at a given time. When contestants varied in body size, larger intruders frequently dislodged small owners regardless of ownership and RV asymmetries. These results imply that body size is an important factor to consider in solitary parasitoid contests and that it can overshadow the effects of other asymmetries. Our study suggests that host community diversity could have a direct effect on parasitoid contests and that biotic communities, through their effects on animal phenotypes, may play an underrated role in contest resolution.

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