Temporal changes in volatile profiles of Varroa destructor‐ infested brood may trigger hygienic behavior in Apis mellifera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Clara Liendo ◽  
Irina Muntaabski ◽  
Romina María Russo ◽  
Silvia Beatriz Lanzavecchia ◽  
Diego Fernando Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Volatile Profiles

scholarly journals Individual-Level Comparisons of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) Hygienic Behavior Towards Brood Infested with Varroa destructor (Parasitiformes: Varroidae) or Tropilaelaps mercedesae (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Monica Shrestha ◽  
Jakob Wegener ◽  
Ishan Gautam ◽  
Madhusudan Singh ◽  
Christoph Schwekendiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Tropilaelaps Mercedesae

The mites Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman and Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan are both serious threats to the Apis mellifera beekeeping industry. A trait frequently used in selection programs for V. destructor resistance is hygienic behavior, the selective removal of diseased/damaged brood. Here, we measured the level of association of the expression of hygienic behavior against both mites in A. mellifera, by observing whether the same individual bees would carry out the opening and removal of brood infested by the two parasites. The groups of bees showing these behaviors on cells artificially infested by either parasite showed a large overlap, making it appear likely that the two traits are at least closely coupled. Therefore, breeding for V. destructor resistance based on hygienic behavior could prepare A. mellifera populations for dealing with Tropilaelaps sp. mites, and vice versa. Using the same bioassay, we also compared the hygienic behavior of A. mellifera towards T. mercedesae to that of the Asiatic honey bee, Apis cerana. A. cerana workers eliminated a greater proportion of infested cells, which may in part explain the resistance of this bee to Tropilaelaps and the observation that Tropilaelaps reproduction on brood of this species is extremely rare.

scholarly journals The ectoparasite mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman in southeastern Brazil apiaries: effects of the hygienic behavior of Africanized honey bees on infestation rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Pinto ◽  
A. Puker ◽  
L.M.R.C. Barreto ◽  
D. Message
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Mite Infestation ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Research Show

In Brazil, the ectoparasitic mite of bees Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari: Varroidae) remains at low levels of infestation causing no major damage. However, with the introduction and possible dominance of a new haplotype (K) of the mite, usually found in areas with high infestation rates (IR), it is necessary to monitor and select beehives that are resistant to the pest in order to avoid future problems. Several factors are listed as potentially being responsible for the dynamics of mite infestation, among which hygienic behavior (HB) stands out. In this context we sought to evaluate the HB of Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) compared with the mite IR in apiaries of two municipalities of southeastern Brazil (Taubaté and Viçosa). For the municipality of Taubaté, the average IR was 4.9% (3.4 to 5.8%), while the HB averaged 98.6% (96 to 100%). In Viçosa, the average mite IR was found to be 10.0% (5.4 to 21.0%) with an average value for HB of 57.7% (0 to 79.0%). Results from this research show that IR and HB were negatively correlated (R = -0.9627, P<0.01), suggesting that hives with higher HB have lower IR.

scholarly journals Hygienic Behavior of Apis mellifera and Its Relationship with Varroa destructor Infestation and Honey Production in the Central Highlands of Ecuador

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Diego Masaquiza ◽  
Junior Vargas ◽  
Nelsón Ortíz ◽  
Rodrigo Salazar ◽  
Lino Curbelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship among hygienic behavior (HB), Varroa destructor infestation, and honey production in the central highlands of Ecuador. Overall, 75 honey bee colonies were evaluated before, during, and after production at three altitude levels (2600–2800, 2801–3000, and >3000 m.a.s.l.). The hygienic behavior percentage of the colonies was determined by the pin-killing method, and the colonies were classified into three groups: high HB (>85%), mid HB (60.1–85%), and low HB (≤60%). Varroa infestation was diagnosed as well, and honey production was evaluated only during production. HB was high and heterogeneous, averaging 80% ± 9.7%. Its highest expression was observed at lower altitudes. The infestation degree was low (3.47% ± 1.56%), although the mite was detected in all colonies upon sampling. A negative correlation was observed between HB and Varroa infestation in the first sampling (−0.49 **), suggesting that the high- and mid-altitude HB colonies underwent the lowest infestation rates, regardless of sampling. The correlations between HB and production were significant (0.26 *), indicating a positive effect of HB on production, meaning that colonies with high HB obtained the highest honey production (25.08 ± 4.82 kg/hive). The HB of bees showed an inverse relationship with altitude and it tended to reduce the effect of Varroa infestation, favoring honey production and, thus, suggesting the feasibility of selecting colonies with high HB.

scholarly journals Infestação pelo Ácaro Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) em Operárias Adultas e em Células de Cria de Abelhas Africanizadas Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) na Região de Franca-SP

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Aline Patricia Turcatto ◽  
Marcia Cavichio Issa ◽  
Michelle Manfrini Morais ◽  
Rosana Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Adult Worker ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Autumn And Winter

O ácaro Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) tem sido, até hoje, uma das pragas que mais causa danos à apicultura mundial, isolada ou associada a outras doenças apícolas. Foram avaliados os índices de infestação por V. destructor em operárias adultas e em células de cria para averiguar como esses índices variam, no outono e início de inverno, em um apiário de abelhas africanizadas localizado em uma região com clima tropical e alimento na natureza, uma vez que outono é a estação onde ocorrem maiores infestações. As amostras foram coletadas em 2005 (maio e junho) em 2007 (abril e junho) no apiário experimental da Universidade de Franca-UNIFRAN em Restinga-SP. Os índices médios de infestação em crias foram maiores em maio/2005 (12,44%) do que em junho/2005 (7,78%) e também foram maiores em abril/2007 (3%) do que em junho/2007 (0%); diferenças não estatisticamente significantes. Os índices médios de infestação em operárias adultas foram menores em maio/2005 (0,95%) do que em junho/2005 (1,90%) e também menores em abril/2007 (0,90%) do que em junho/2007 (4,43%); diferença estatisticamente significante em 2007 (P=0,031). Essa tendência de variação das médias em adultos e crias, durante os meses de outono e início de inverno, foi a mesma nos índices individuais em todas as colônias analisadas em 2005 e 2007 (exceto colônia 11/2005). Com relação às infestações em abelhas africanizadas observamos ainda: muitas colônia apresentaram índice 0% de infestação; algumas apresentaram infestações maiores do que outras, cujos índices em crias diminuíram já em junho. Em junho, quase início do inverno, seria esperado ainda encontrar índices mais elevados de infestação (e até mortalidade), em adultos como em crias, mas a infestação em crias começou baixar já em junho nesse apiário. Isso pode estar sendo uma constante nas abelhas africanizadas que mesmo passando por situações críticas no outono/inverno, quando as temperaturas baixam e ocorre diminuição de alimento na natureza, voltam a se recuperar quando as temperaturas se elevam, principalmente se há alimento disponível, como Restinga-SP, que está em uma mata de cerrado cercada por cana-de-açúcar, cuja safra inicia em março/abril. Assim, parece que suas colônias se recuperaram mais rápido das infestações de outono/inverno do que colônias em outras localidades. Incidence of the Mite Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), in Adult Worker Bees and Brood Cells of Africanized Honey Bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Franca Region of São Paulo State in Brazil Abstract. The mite Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman), has been, until now, one of the pest that causes more damage to the beekeeping worldwide, alone or associated with another bee diseases. Several factors affects the variation of the indexes of infestation and reproduction, such as climate, bee breed, development time, hygienic behavior; being that temperature is a environmental variable that acts on the variation of these indexes: the infestation increases in the colder months and decrease in warmer months, so in the months of autumn and winter occurs the biggest infestation by varroa in the beehives. Were evaluated the indexes of infestation by V. destructor on adult worker and brood cells to ascertain how these indexes rates, in months of autumn, in an africanized bees apiary located in region of Cerrado, surrounded by plantations of sugar cane, with a tropical climate and food in nature. The sample was collected in two years, in the months of May and June 2005 and April and June 2007 in the Experimental Apiary of Franca University-UNIFRAN, located in the municipality of Restiga-SP.  The medium indexes of infestation in broods were higher in May/2005 (12.44%) than June/2005 (7.78%), were also higher in April/2007 (3%) than in June/2007 (0%); all the differences weren’t statistically significant. The medium indexes of infestation in adult workers were lesser in May/2005 (0.95%) than June/2005 (1.90%) and lesser in April/2007 (0.90%) than in June/2007 (4.43%); the difference observed in 2005 was not statistically significant, unlike that observed in 2007 (P=0.031).  

scholarly journals Infestation and Reproduction of Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman and Hygienic Behavior in Colonies of Apis mellifera L. (Africanized Honeybee) with Queens of Different Genetic Origins

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Patrícia Schafaschek ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues Hickel ◽  
Carlos Antonio Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Vagner De Alencar Arnaut de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
State University ◽  
Varroa Mite ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Invasion Rate ◽  
Selection Program ◽  
Genetic Origins ◽  
Different Origins

The hygienic behavior and variables related to the varroa mite in Apis mellifera colonies, with queens of different origins, were evaluated from October 2013 to June 2014. Queens from the selection program of the Maringá State University (Maringá / PR), from a beekeeper/ producer of Santa Terezinha/ SC and unselected queens, randomly selected in an experimental apiary (Irineópolis / SC) were evaluated. Colonies with queens of Maringá presented an increase in the invasion rate and total reproduction of varroa as there was reduction of hygienic behavior. This group presented a reduction in the effective reproduction of the mite, with a mean of 2.3 fertile offspring. Colonies with queens of Santa Terezinha presented an increase in the invasion rate due to the reduction of hygienic behavior, but in a less marked manner, since this characteristic remained stable, with an average of 92.0%. The total and effective reproduction of the mite for this group was 1.7 and 0.9 of total and fertile offspring, respectively. Colonies with queens of Irineópolis showed the lowest hygienic behavior (78.0%) and the highest total (12.6) and effective (5.3) reproduction of the mite. The use of selected queens, with hygienic behavior, interferes with the varroa population dynamics, contributing to the reduction of the invasion and total and effective reproduction rates of the mite.

УГРОЗЫ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ВИРУСНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У ПЧЕЛ (Apis mellifera L.) И РОЛЬ КЛЕЩА Varroa destructor В РАЗВИТИИ ПАТОЛОГИЙ

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
А.В. СПРЫГИН ◽  
◽  
Ю.Ю. БАБИН ◽  
Е.М. ХАНБЕКОВА ◽  
Л.Е. РУБЦОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor

Eficacia del humo de frutos de Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) y vapores de timol para el control de Varroa destructor infestando abejas africanizadas

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-788
Author(s):  
William De Jesús May-Itzá ◽  
Luis Abdelmir Abdelmir Medina Medina
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia

Se evaluó la eficacia del humo de los frutos secos de Guazuma ulmifolia y los vapores de timol en el control del ácaro Varroa destructor infestando colonias de abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) de Yucatán. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos: Grupo 1 (G1), las colonias de abejas recibieron 5 a 8 bocanadas de humo de los frutos secos de G. ulmifolia dos veces por semana, durante un período de tres semanas; Grupo 2 (G2), las colonias recibieron 4-8 g de cristales de timol con tres aplicaciones cada siete días, y Grupo 3 (G3 o grupo control) las colonias no recibieron ningún tratamiento durante las tres semanas del experimento. Se colectaron 200 a 300 abejas adultas de cada colonia previo a la aplicación de los tratamientos (día 0) y a los 7, 14 y 21 días después de las aplicaciones, con la finalidad de determinar los niveles de infestación y eficacia de los tratamientos. Los resultados indican que los niveles de infestación de V. destructor en las abejas adultas disminuyeron al final del experimento (21 días) y fueron estadísticamente diferentes para los tres tratamientos, siendo menor para G2. La eficacia al final de los tratamientos fue de 41 y 69 %, para G1 y G2, respectivamente. Estos resultados corroboran que la aplicación de cristales de timol es una alternativa para el control del ácaro V. destructor en Yucatán, y que la aplicación del humo de los frutos secos de G. ulmifolia reduce los niveles de infestación de este parásito en comparación con las colonias que no recibieron ningún tipo de tratamiento (G3).

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