Presence and abundance of Diaphorina citri in Murraya paniculata in urban areas free of huanglongbing in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (9) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco F. Laranjeira ◽  
Tâmara A. Santos ◽  
Alécio S. Moreira ◽  
Ícaro B. Sanches ◽  
Antônio S. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Murraya Paniculata

scholarly journals SUSCETIBILIDADE DE NINFAS DE DIAPHORINA CITRI A FUNGOS ENTOMOPATOGÊNICOS

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
L.F.L. Padulla ◽  
S.B Alves
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Hirsutella Thompsonii

RESUMO Avaliou-se a patogenicidade de diversas espécies de fungos entomopatogênicos a ninfas de 2o a 4o ínstares do psilídeo Diaphorina citri. Foram feitos bioensaios com Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium muscarum, L. longisporum, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. farinosus, Syngliocladium sp. na concentração de 5 x 107 conídios/mL para cada patógeno, com exceção de Hirsutella thompsonii que foi aplicado na concentração de 2,8 x 107 conídios/mL. Utilizaram-se mudas de murta, Murraya paniculata, infestadas com as ninfas do inseto que foram pulverizadas com as suspensões conidiais dos patógenos. Os fungos B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, H. thompsonii, L. muscarum e P. fumosoroseus foram patogênicos para as ninfas do psilídeo. O isolado Esalq-PL63, de B. bassiana, causou mortalidade de aproximadamente 72% das ninfas, sete dias após a inoculação. Constatou-se que B. bassiananão conseguiu completar o desenvolvimento no corpo do hospedeiro, uma vez que a fase de conidiogênese não ocorreu. Mesmo assim, o isolado Esalq-PL63 pode ser considerado um promissor agente de controle microbiano de ninfas de D. citri por causar altos índices de mortalidade.

Population diversity of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” and Diaphorina citri in Sichuan: A case study for Huanglongbing monitoring and interception

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejin Cui ◽  
Kehong Liu ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Shimin Fu ◽  
Qingdong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is present in 10 provinces in China and is associated with “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), which is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri, ACP). To date, HLB and ACP have expanded to Yibin city of Sichuan Province, posing an imminent threat to the citrus belt of upper and middle reach of Yangtze River, an important late maturing citrus-producing area in China. To understand the epidemiological route of CLas and ACP in newly invaded regions of Sichuan and thereby better establish an HLB-interception zone ranging from Leibo to Yibin, we evaluated the molecular variability of 19 CLas draft genomes from citrus or dodder (Cuscuta campestris). They include three type-specific prophage loci, three variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci, a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) types, and population diversity of 44 ACP mitochondrial genomes. The results indicated that CLas isolates in the newly invaded area (Pingshan) were more diverse than those in the HLB endemic areas (Leibo and Ningnan). Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genomes demonstrated that ACPs in Leibo, Pingshan and Xuzhou (rural areas) represent a new group (MG4), distinguished by the three unique SNPs in cox1, nad4 and cytb. However, the ACPs sampled from the urban areas of Cuiping and Xuzhou belonged to the southeastern China group (MG2-1). Altogether, our study revealed multiple sources of ACP and CLas in the HLB-interception zone and proposed their transmission route. This study contributes to the formulation of precise HLB prevention and control strategies in the HLB-interception zone in Sichuan and could be useful for HLB management efforts in other regions.

scholarly journals Low Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in Murraya paniculata and Associated Diaphorina citri

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail J. Walter ◽  
David G. Hall ◽  
Yong Ping Duan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
A Minor

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases of citrus worldwide. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ is the prevalent species of three HLB-associated Liberibacter spp., which is vectored by the psyllid Diaphorina citri. The vector and the bacteria have host plants outside the genus Citrus, and these plants have the potential to affect disease epidemiology within citrus groves. Murraya paniculata could be especially problematic because it is a popular ornamental plant and a host of both psyllid and bacteria. We conducted a year-long survey of eight urban plantings of M. paniculata in east-central Florida to characterize ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection rates in plants and associated psyllids. Using sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers targeting two prophage genes of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’, we found infection to be extremely low: less than 1% of psyllids and 1.8% of plants. With qPCR primers targeting ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ 16S rDNA, none of the plants and only one psyllid were ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-positive. Therefore, the titer of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ is low in M. paniculata and associated psyllids. These results suggest that urban plantings of M. paniculata may serve as a minor source of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ inoculum.

The Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures on Development of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), the Asian Citrus Psyllid

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Milosavljević ◽  
Kelsey A McCalla ◽  
David J W Morgan ◽  
Mark S Hoddle
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Development Literature ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Abstract The effects of six average daily temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35°C, that were either constant or fluctuating over 24 h on development times of California-sourced Diaphorina citri Kuwayama nymphs were examined. Thermal performance curves for immature stages of D. citri were characterized using one linear and six nonlinear models (i.e., Ratkowsky, Lobry-Rosso-Flandrois, Lactin-2, Brière-2, Beta, and Performance-2). Daily thermal fluctuations had significant effects on development times of D. citri nymphs, which differed across experimental temperatures. Diaphorina citri nymphs reared at constant temperatures completed development faster than those reared under fluctuating profiles with equivalent temperature means. Linear model estimates of degree-days required for completion of cumulative development of D. citri were 25% lower for constant temperatures when compared with fluctuating temperature regimens. Nonlinear model estimations of optimum developmental temperature and upper theoretical temperature bounds for development were similar for individuals reared under constant and fluctuating temperatures. Nevertheless, the estimated values of lower theoretical temperature limits above which development occurred were lower under fluctuating than constant temperatures. A meta-analysis of published D. citri temperature-dependent development literature, synthesizing datasets of five globally distributed populations (Brazil, California, China, Florida, and Japan) reared under different constant temperatures on six different host plants (i.e., Citrus limonia, C. sinensis cv Natal, C. sinensis cv. Pêra, C. reticulata, Fortunella margarita, and Murraya paniculata), together with the results of this study (C. volkameriana), revealed convergence in estimates of developmental parameters. These results have implications for predicting D. citri invasion and establishment risk and subsequent population performance across various climactic gradients and geographic regions.

scholarly journals Murraya paniculata and Swinglea glutinosa as Short-Term Transient Hosts of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and Implications for the Spread of Huanglongbing

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2064-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Cifuentes-Arenas ◽  
George Andrew Charles Beattie ◽  
Leandro Peña ◽  
Silvio Aparecido Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus

Murraya paniculata and Swinglea glutinosa are aurantioid hosts of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri, the principal vector of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las). Las is the pathogen associated with huanglongbing (HLB), the Asian form of which is the most devastating disease of Citrus species and cultivars (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae). M. paniculata is a common ornamental and S. glutinosa is grown as an ornamental, a citrus rootstock, and a hedgerow fence plant. Because of the uncertain status of these plants as reservoirs of Las, a series of cross-inoculation bioassays were carried out in different environments, using infected Valencia sweet orange (Citrus × aurantium) infected shoot tops as a source of inoculum and D. citri nymphs and adults reared on M. paniculata and S. glutinosa to inoculate pathogen-free Valencia orange plantlets. In contrast to sweet orange, Las was more unevenly distributed and reached much lower titers in M. paniculata and S. glutinosa. Infections in M. paniculata and S. glutinosa were also transient. Very few insects that successfully acquired Las from M. paniculata and S. glutinosa were able to transmit the pathogen to healthy citrus. Transmission rates were low from M. paniculata (1.0%) and S. glutinosa (2.0%) and occurred only in a controlled environment highly favorable to Las and ACP using 10-day-old adults that completed their life cycle on Las-positive plants. Our study showed that in HLB-endemic areas, M. paniculata and S. glutinosa can be deemed as epidemiologically dead-end hosts for Las and are not important alternative hosts of the pathogen for transmission to citrus. However, under a combination of conditions highly favorable to Las infection and transmission and in the absence of effective quarantine procedures, these plants could eventually serve as carriers of Las to regions currently free from HLB.

scholarly journals Murraya paniculata and Related Species as Potential Hosts and Inoculum Reservoirs of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, Causal Agent of Huanglongbing

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Damsteegt ◽  
E. N. Postnikova ◽  
A. L. Stone ◽  
M. Kuhlmann ◽  
C. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Liberibacter Asiaticus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Southern Florida

Huanglongbing (HLB), considered to be the most serious insect-vectored bacterial disease of citrus, is transmitted in nature by the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri and the African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae. D. citri was discovered in southern Florida in 1998 and the HLB disease in 2005. Both have become established throughout citrus-producing areas of Florida. Murraya species are widely grown in southern Florida as ornamental hedges and are readily colonized by D. citri vectors. Colonies of D. citri, isolates of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ from Taiwan and Florida, and the Murraya species were established in the BSL-3 biosecurity facility at Fort Detrick. In controlled inoculation experiments, D. citri transmitted ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ into M. paniculata (34/36 plants) and M. exotica (22/23 plants), but not into Bergera (Murraya) koenigii. Disease symptoms rarely developed in Murraya plants; however, positive infections were determined by conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Back-inoculations of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ from M. paniculata to Madam Vinous sweet orange resulted in disease development in 25% of the inoculated plants. Considerable variability was observed in infection rates, titer, and persistence of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ in infected Murraya.

scholarly journals In vitro biological activity of ethanolic extracts from plants of the Meliaceae family on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama 1908 (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Victor Gabriel Almada-Ruiz ◽  
◽  
Gabriel Antonio Lugo-García ◽  
Laura Delia Ortega-Arenas ◽  
Edgar Eduardo Mendoza-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Orange Leaf ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Vitro Effect

In vitro effect of ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica seeds, Melia azedarach and Swietenia humilis (Meliaceae) were evaluated on the mortality, repellency and oviposition of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Toxicity was determined by the placement of adults and nymphs on orange leaf discs (Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia) previously sprayed or immersed in the treatments. The repellency was estimated through an exposition of adults to the treated leaf, in an experimental arena for 24 h. In order to inhibit oviposition, Murraya paniculata sprouts sprinkled with 2.5 mL of solution were used. The ethanolic extracts from the three meliaceus showed toxicity on nymphs and adults; however, adults evidenced the toxic effect as of 100.0 mg/mL, while nymphs did at 4.10 mg/mL. With a repellent effect, the 100 mg/mL solution stands out, with 82 and 78% for A. indica and S. humilis, respectively; effect associated to the concentration and the time. The oviposition was affected by ethanolic extracts of S. humilis and A. indica at 100.0 mg/mL. It is inferred that the ethanol extracts from S. humilis and A. indica present potential to be considered in the development of alternatives for the integrated management of D. citri.

scholarly journals Predicting the establishment of Diaphorina citri and Tamarixia radiata on Citrus x aurantiifolia orchards based on the plant–psyllid–parasitoid interaction on Murraya paniculata

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorys T. Chirinos ◽  
Italo M. Cuadros ◽  
Junior Velez ◽  
Rossana Castro ◽  
Ginger Sornoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The insect vector of Huanglongbing, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Lividae) was detected in Ecuador in 2013 and its main parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was reported for the first time in 2017. In the citrus production region of Manabí province, Ecuador, D. citri and T. radiata were reported for the first time on Murraya paniculata L. in 2016 and 2018, respectively. D. citri was first found infesting Citrus x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle in Manabí province at the end of 2018. The present study was conducted between August 2018 and May 2021 to: (1) monitor D. citri populations on M. paniculata and C. x aurantiifolia and determine the parasitism rates of T. radiata on D. citri nymphs on both host plants, (2) establish the occurrence of T. radiata parasitizing D. citri on C. x aurantiifolia, and (3) calculate a predictive model for estimating the number of parasitized nymphs on a planting lot of M. paniculata and a C. aurantiifolia orchard. Results Diaphorina citri populations on M. paniculata decreased from 11 nymphs (2018–2019) to approximately 2 nymphs per flush (2020). This was associated with a natural increase in parasitism rates of T. radiata from 20% (2018) to 96% in 2020. The regression equation (Y = 2.049Ln (x) + 5.88) was able to estimate the number of parasitized D. citri nymphs based on parasitism on M. paniculata (R2: 0.8315). Tamarixia radiata was first detected on C. x aurantiifolia in July 2020. Populations of D. citri reached 55 nymphs per flush (no parasitism) and subsequently decreased to the minimum level of 14 nymphs per flush (parasitism rates of up to 31%). The model allowed estimating the number of parasitized nymphs by T. radiata on M. paniculata and C. x aurantiifolia, with a maximum deviation of approximately 2 nymphs. Conclusions Based on the colonization and establishment of the psyllid–parasitoid interaction on M. paniculata, it is estimated that approximately by the end of 2022, populations of D. citri on C. x aurantiifolia would decline due to the highest percentages of parasitism by T. radiata. High parasitism rates may indicate the potential of T. radiata in conservation biological control and integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals THE MOLECULAR DETECTION OF CITRUS VEIN PHLOEM DEGENERATION (CVPD) PATHOGEN (Liberobacter asiaticus) IN Diaphorina citri KUWAYAMA (HOMOPTERA : PSYLLIDAE) AND OTHER INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CITRUS PLANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Wijaya ◽  
Wayan Adiartayasa ◽  
Made Sritamin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Plant ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Murraya Paniculata

The research was coducted at Laboratory of Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University. The purpose of this research were to investigate moleculer detection of CVPD pathogen in its vector, other phytophagous insects on citrus cv, Siam and kemuning (Murraya paniculata L. Jack.). The result of this research showed that adults and nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuw. could transmit CVPD disease, but the pathogen of CVPD could not be transovarially transmited. As a host of CVPD disease , kemuning could be source of infection. The adult of Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy and Maleuterpes dentipes Hell. could not potensial transmited CVPD disease.

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