Association between obesity and traumatic dental injuries in pre‐school children—A case‐control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. C. Soares ◽  
Ednele F. Primo‐Miranda ◽  
Rodrigo Galo ◽  
Larissa S. Mourão ◽  
Joana Ramos‐Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
Dental Injuries ◽  
Control Study

Physical activity and sedentary behaviors associated with overweight and obesity among primary school children in Tanzania: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renatha Pacific ◽  
Kissa Kulwa ◽  
Haikael D. Martin ◽  
Pammla Petrucka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Study

Purpose This study aims at determining the risk of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors on overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 10–13 years in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A case-control study was conducted from January to March 2020 involving 69 overweight/obese children as cases and 138 normal weight children as controls. Cases were identified as having body mass index-for-age ≥ +1 standard deviation (SD) and controls as those having BMI-for-age range between −2 SD to <+1 SD. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection on daily physical activities and sedentary behavior types, frequency duration and activity score. An independent sample t-test was used to compare means of activity score between cases and controls. Binary logistic regression was used to predict risk factors for overweight/obesity. Findings Risk factors for overweight/obesity were listening to music and/or radio for >2 h/week (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.1) and walking for exercise <2 h/week (OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.1). On the other hand, rope skipping for >2 h/week (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.7) was a protective factor against overweight/obesity. Controls had a significantly higher mean score of being active during lunch breaks compared to cases (p = 0.012). Cases had higher weight, height and percentage body fat than controls (p < 0.001). The home environment provided more avenues for physical activity than the school environment. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is original research work and the first case-control study to predict physical activity and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight and obesity in Tanzanian school children.

scholarly journals Reasons for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Their Role in the Transmission of Infection According to Age: a Case-control Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvani Mauro ◽  
Giulia Cantiello ◽  
Maria Cavani ◽  
Eleonora Lacorte ◽  
Bruno Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
School Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Nursery School ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background. The locations where children get exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their contribution in spreading the infection are still not fully understood. Aim of the article is to verify the most frequent reasons for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and their role in the secondary transmission of the infection. Methods. A case-control study was performed in all SARS-CoV-2 positive children (n= 81) and an equal number of age- and sex- matched controls who were referred to the S. Camillo-Forlanini Pediatric Walk-in Center of Rome. The results of all SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs performed in children aged <18 years from October 16 to December 19, 2020 were analyzed. Results. School contacts were more frequent in controls than in cases (OR 0.49; 95% CI: 0.3-0.9), while household contacts were higher in cases (OR 5.09; 95% CI: 2.2-12.0 ). In both cases and controls, school contacts were significantly less frequent, while on the contrary household contacts seemed to be more frequent in nursery school children compared to primary school or middle/high school children. A multivariate logistic regression showed that the probability of being positive to SARS-CoV-2 was significantly lower in children who had school contacts or who had flu symptoms compared to children who had household contacts. Results showed a 30.6% secondary attack rate for household contacts. Conclusion. In our study population, the two most frequent reasons for SARS-CoV-2 infection were school and home contacts. The risk of being positive was 5 times lower in children who had school contacts than in children who had household contacts.

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