scholarly journals Evolution of lbx spinal cord expression and function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Juárez‐Morales ◽  
Frida Weierud ◽  
Samantha J. England ◽  
Celia Demby ◽  
Nicole Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Injury Increases Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Kidney at Acute and Sub-chronic Stages

Inflammation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangrila Parvin ◽  
Clintoria R. Williams ◽  
Simone A. Jarrett ◽  
Sandra M. Garraway
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract— Accumulating evidence supports that spinal cord injury (SCI) produces robust inflammatory plasticity. We previously showed that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is increased in the spinal cord after SCI. SCI also induces a systemic inflammatory response that can impact peripheral organ functions. The kidney plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular health. However, SCI-induced inflammatory response in the kidney and the subsequent effect on renal function have not been well characterized. This study investigated the impact of high and low thoracic (T) SCI on C-fos, TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression in the kidney at acute and sub-chronic timepoints. Adult C57BL/6 mice received a moderate contusion SCI or sham procedures at T4 or T10. Uninjured mice served as naïve controls. mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and C-fos, and TNFα and C-fos protein expression were assessed in the kidney and spinal cord 1 day and 14 days post-injury. The mRNA levels of all targets were robustly increased in the kidney and spinal cord, 1 day after both injuries. Whereas IL-6 and TNFα remained elevated in the spinal cord at 14 days after SCI, C-fos, IL-6, and TNFα levels were sustained in the kidney only after T10 SCI. TNFα protein was significantly upregulated in the kidney 1 day after both T4 and T10 SCI. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that SCI induces robust systemic inflammation that extends to the kidney. Hence, the presence of renal inflammation can substantially impact renal pathophysiology and function after SCI.

Aberrant reflexes and function of the pelvic organs following spinal cord injury in man

2006 ◽  
Vol 126-127 ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Craggs ◽  
Amirthe Vernie Balasubramaniam ◽  
Eric A.L. Chung ◽  
Anton V. Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals The Reorganization of Insular Subregions in Individuals with Below-Level Neuropathic Pain following Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xuejing Li ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Yongsheng Hu ◽  
Jubao Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
And Function

Objective. To investigate the reorganization of insular subregions in individuals suffering from neuropathic pain (NP) after incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI) and further to disclose the underlying mechanism of NP. Method. The 3D high-resolution T1-weighted structural images and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of all individuals were obtained using a 3.0 Tesla MRI system. A comparative analysis of structure and function connectivity (FC) with insular subareas as seeds in 10 ISCI individuals with below-level NP (ISCI-P), 11 ISCI individuals without NP (ISCI-N), and 25 healthy controls (HCs) was conducted. Associations between the structural and functional alteration of insula subregions and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were analyzed using the Pearson correlation in SPSS 20. Results. Compared with ISCI-N patients, when the left posterior insula as the seed, ISCI-P showed increased FC in right cerebellum VIIb and cerebellum VIII, Brodmann 37 (BA 37). When the left ventral anterior insula as the seed, ISCI-P indicated enhanced FC in right BA18 compared with ISCI-N patients. These increased FCs positively correlated with VAS scores. Relative to HCs, ISCI-P presented increased FC in the left hippocampus when the left dorsal anterior insula was determined as the seed. There was no statistical difference in the volume of insula subregions among the three groups. Conclusion. Our study indicated that distinctive patterns of FC in each subregion of insula suggest that the insular subareas participate in the NP processing through different FC following ISCI. Further, insula subregions could serve as a therapeutic target for NP following ISCI.

scholarly journals Myelin Debris Stimulates NG2/CSPG4 Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages in the Injured Spinal Cord

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Grace Hammel ◽  
Minjun Shi ◽  
Zhijian Cheng ◽  
Sandra Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function ◽  
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
First Time

Although the increased expression of members of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan family, such as neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), have been well documented after an injury to the spinal cord, a complete picture as to the cellular origins and function of this NG2 expression has yet to be made. Using a spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model, we describe that some infiltrated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMΦ) are early contributors to NG2/CSPG4 expression and secretion after SCI. We demonstrate for the first time that a lesion-related form of cellular debris generated from damaged myelin sheaths can increase NG2/CSPG4 expression in BMDMΦ, which then exhibit enhanced proliferation and decreased phagocytic capacity. These results suggest that BMDMΦ may play a much more nuanced role in secondary spinal cord injury than previously thought, including acting as early contributors to the NG2 component of the glial scar.

scholarly journals Diminished ventral oligodendrocyte precursor generation results in the subsequent over-production of dorsal oligodendrocyte precursors of aberrant morphology and function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Starikov ◽  
Andreas H. Kottmann
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Spinal Cord Development ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Precursor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sod1 Mouse ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Ventral Spinal Cord

AbstractOligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) arise sequentially first from a ventral and then from a dorsal precursor domain at the end of neurogenesis during spinal cord development. Whether the sequential production of OPCs is of physiological significance has not been examined. Here we show that ablating Shh signaling from nascent ventricular zone derivatives and partially from the floor plate results in a severe diminishment of ventral derived OPCs but normal numbers of motor neurons in the postnatal spinal cord. In the absence of ventral vOPCs, dorsal dOPCs populate the entire spinal cord resulting in an increased OPC density in the ventral horns. These OPCs take on an altered morphology, do not participate in the removal of excitatory vGlut1 synapses from injured motor neurons, and exhibit morphological features similar to those found in the vicinity of motor neurons in the SOD1 mouse model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Our data indicates that vOPCs prevent dOPCs from invading ventral spinal cord laminae and suggests that vOPCs have a unique ability to communicate with injured motor neurons.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Stress Effects on Health and Function After Spinal Cord Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal M. Noller ◽  
Suzanne L. Groah ◽  
Mark S. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function

The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury

Glia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Duncan ◽  
Sohrab B. Manesh ◽  
Brett J. Hilton ◽  
Peggy Assinck ◽  
Jason R. Plemel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function
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