Economic Shocks, Early Life Circumstances and Later Life Outcomes: Introduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (588) ◽  
pp. F306-F310 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Life Circumstances

scholarly journals The changing contribution of childhood social characteristics to mortality: a comparison of Finnish cohorts born in 1936–50 and 1961–75

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 896-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Martikainen ◽  
Irma Elo ◽  
Lasse Tarkiainen ◽  
Janne Mikkonen ◽  
Mikko Myrskylä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
External Causes

Abstract Background Life course epidemiology suggests that early life circumstances affect adult mortality, but most of the evidence is based on cohorts born in the beginning of the 20th century. It remains unclear whether and how the influences of early life circumstances on mortality have changed in later birth cohorts. Methods Analyses rely on 10% register-based samples of households drawn from the 1950 and the 1975 Finnish censuses, with consistent follow-up of socioeconomic and housing-related characteristics and early mid-life mortality (at ages 30–55 years). We estimate survival models for the associations between childhood circumstances and all-cause, internal and external mortality for cohorts born in 1936–50 and 1961–75 adjusting for attained social characteristics. We estimate sibling intraclass correlations as summary measures of all early life and familial influences. Results Adverse childhood social circumstances were typically associated with about 10–30% excess cause-specific mortality. These associations were almost fully attenuated by adjustment for achieved later life social characteristics. Early life influences have grown over time for mortality from external causes, particularly as related to home ownership and family type. Differentials have remained stable for internal causes. The intraclass correlations further confirmed the increasing association of early life circumstances on external-cause mortality. Conclusions Our analyses show that the associations between childhood characteristics and mid-life mortality are substantial and almost fully mediated by achieved adult social characteristics. The increase in the contribution of childhood circumstances to mid-life mortality is driven by ever stronger associations with external causes of death.

scholarly journals Early Life Circumstances and Cognitive Aging: Longitudinal Evidence From China Health and Retirement Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 62-62
Author(s):  
Zhuoer Lin ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Circumstances

Abstract Objectives: This study examines the long-term relationship between early life circumstances and later life cognitive aging. In particular, we differentiate the long-term effects of early life circumstances on level of cognitive deficit and rate of cognitive decline. Methods: Cognitive trajectories were measured using three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys (CHARLS 2011-2015). Linear mixed-effect model was used to decompose the individual level of cognitive deficit and rate of cognitive change in a sample of Chinese middle-aged and older adults 45-90 years of age (N=6,700). These two dimensions of cognition were matched to four domains of early life circumstances using CHARLS Life History Survey (2014), including childhood socioeconomic status, neighborhood environment, social relationships and health conditions. Their associations were examined by linear regressions. Stratification analysis was further conducted to investigate the mediating effect of education on early life circumstances and cognitive aging. Results: Childhood socioeconomic status, childhood friendship and early life health conditions were significantly associated with both the level of cognitive deficit and rate of decline. In contrast, the community environment, including childhood neighborhood safety and social cohesion, only affected the baseline level of cognitive deficit; and childhood relationship with parents only affected the rate of cognitive decline. Moreover, education was found to be a mediating factor of these relationships. Conclusion: Exposure to disadvantaged early life circumstances have significant negative effects on later life cognitive deficit as well as rate of cognitive decline. Nevertheless, these long-term impacts can be partially ameliorated by higher educational attainment.

scholarly journals Early-Life Circumstances and Later-Life Loneliness in Ireland

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kamiya ◽  
M. Doyle ◽  
J. C. Henretta ◽  
V. Timonen
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Circumstances

scholarly journals Predicting Later-Life Outcomes of Early-Life Exposures

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Boekelheide ◽  
Bruce Blumberg ◽  
Robert E. Chapin ◽  
Ila Cote ◽  
Joseph H. Graziano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Early Life Exposures

scholarly journals Early-Life Circumstances and Late-Life Loneliness: Findings From In-Depth Interviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 609-609
Author(s):  
Elisa Tiilikainen
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract This case study examines loneliness from the perspective of two older men, who were interviewed three times as part of a five-year qualitative longitudinal study on loneliness in later life. Both interviewees self-identified as feeling lonely “often” or “all the time” and had experienced loneliness also in previous life phases. The interviews revealed trajectories of long-term loneliness which were impacted by life events and circumstances in early life, childhood and youth. Two critical experiences were identified: childhood bereavement and sexual abuse. These factors contributed to emotional insecurities and impacted the ways the interviewees perceived their selves and their relations with others. The acknowledgement of past life experiences is important for the theoretical and conceptual understanding of loneliness and the development of different intervention strategies. However, more longitudinal analysis is needed on the cumulative disadvantages making people vulnerable to long-term loneliness.

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