scholarly journals Postglacial recolonization of North America by spadefoot toads: integrating niche and corridor modeling to study species’ range dynamics over geologic time

Ecography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509
Author(s):  
Iulian Gherghel ◽  
Ryan Andrew Martin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Spadefoot Toads ◽  
Postglacial Recolonization ◽  
Range Dynamics ◽  
Study Species

scholarly journals A revised geologic time-table for North America

1914 ◽  
Vol s4-38 (223) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schuchert ◽  
J. Barrell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Time Table

poems : R package for simulating species’ range dynamics using pattern‐oriented validation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien A. Fordham ◽  
Sean Haythorne ◽  
Stuart C. Brown ◽  
Jessie C. Buettel ◽  
Barry W. Brook
Keyword(s):  
R Package ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Range Dynamics

Bias in the published fossil record

Paleobiology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Abundance Data ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

The published fossil record has significant bias in favor of common and biostratigraphically important taxa when compared with data obtained from a thorough examination of several hundred collections from the Western Interior of North America. Overall species diversity is underestimated by a factor of 3 to 4, and bivalve and gastropod diversity by a factor of 5. The proportion of bivalves increased from 40 to 56% of the fauna, and the proportion of ammonites decreased from 28 to 18%. Thirteen published reports listed 65 species from 203 reported occurrences. Data from all sources showed 170 species for 1050 occurrences. By using abundance data and assuming a log-normal distribution, as many as 200 fossilizable mollusc species may have inhabited the Western Interior during the uppermost biozone of the Cenomanian. The importance of this study is that it quantifies the bias in the published fossil record relative to the potential fossil record for an unusually well studied interval of geologic time. The bias would be greater for less well studied strata.

scholarly journals Forecasting species range dynamics with process‐explicit models: matching methods to applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1940-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Briscoe ◽  
Jane Elith ◽  
Roberto Salguero‐Gómez ◽  
José J. Lahoz‐Monfort ◽  
James S. Camac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Range ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Range Dynamics

scholarly journals Twenty-year home-range dynamics of a white-tailed deer matriline

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E Nelson ◽  
L David Mech
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Natal Dispersal ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Individual Record ◽  
Summer Range ◽  
Range Dynamics

We examined the seasonal migration and home-range dynamics of a multigeneration white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) matriline comprising six females from four generations spanning a 20-year period in northeastern Minnesota. All, from the matriarch to her great-granddaughter, migrated to the same summer and winter ranges, the longest individual record being 14.5 years. Three maternal females concurrently occupied exclusive fawning sites within their ancestral matriarch's summer range, while two nonmaternal females explored new areas and ranged near their mothers. One great-granddaughter expanded her summer range 1 km beyond the matriarch's summer range while essentially vacating half of her ancestors' range and becoming nonmigratory the last 4 years of her life. These data indicate that individual movements of matriline members can potentially expand their ranges beyond the areas occupied by their ancestors through a slow process of small incremental changes. This suggests that the rapid extension of deer range in eastern North America resulted from natal dispersal by yearling deer rather than from the type of home-range expansion reported here.

scholarly journals Historical Tree Species Height Growth Pattern Associated With Climate Change in Western North America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Messaoud ◽  
Anya Reid ◽  
Nadezhda M. Tchebakova ◽  
Annika Hofgaard ◽  
Faouzi Messsaoud
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract BackgroundThe climate variables effect on tree growth in boreal and temperate forests has received increased interest in the global context of climate change. However, most studies are geographically limited and involved few tree species. Here, sixteen tree species across western North America were used to investigate tree response to climate change at the species range scale. MethodsForest inventory data from 36,944 stands established between 1600 and 1968 throughout western Canada and USA were summarized. Height growth (total height at breast-height age of 50 years) of healthy dominant and co-dominant trees were related to annual and summer temperatures, annual and summer Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI, and tree establishment date (ED). Climate-induced height growth patterns were then tested to determine links to spatial environment (soil conditions and geographic locations), species range (coastal, interior, and both ranges) and species traits (shade tolerance and leaf form), using linear mixed model for the global height growth and general linear model to test the height growth patterns for each species. ResultsIncrease of temperatures and PDSI had a positive effect on height growth for most of the study species, whereas Alaska yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, (D. Don) Spach) height growth declined with ED. All explaining variables and the interactions explained 59% of the total height growth variance. Although tree height growth response was species-specific, increased height growth during the 20th century was more pronounced for coastal ranged species, high shade tolerant species, and broadleaf species. Furthermore, height growth increase occurred mostly on rich soil, at the northernmost species range, and, unexpectedly, at lower elevations. A decline in height growth for some species further north and especially higher in elevation possibly related to increased cloudiness and precipitation. However, drought conditions remain in interior areas despite moving northward and upward that decrease height growth. ConclusionThese results highlight the general trend (species characteristics and range) and the species-specific height patterns, indicating the spatio-temporal complexity of the growth response to recent global climate change.

scholarly journals The species of Mentzelia (Loasaceae) in Mexico, part 2: Mentzelia section Bartonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schenk ◽  
Carolina Granados Mendoza ◽  
Andres Eduardo Estrada-Castillón
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Study Species

Background: Mentzelia (Loasaceae) is primarily distributed in western North America. The genus is classified into six monophyletic sections, among which species of section Bartonia are particularly poorly understood. Questions: What species of Mentzelia section Bartonia occur in Mexico? What are the species distribution ranges and what are their defining attributes? Study species: Mentzelia section Bartonia. Methods: Field, herbarium, distribution, and scanning electron microscopy studies were conducted to assess species diversity. Seed coat microsculpture patterns were evaluated to confirm species identities and understand their distributions throughout Mexico. Results: Six species from section Bartonia were recognized, with taxa distributed into either the Chihuahuan or Sonoran deserts. Mentzelia longiloba var. pinacatensis is the only Mexican endemic. Conclusions: Although this work comprehensively addressed the species of section Bartonia in Mexico, two groups will continue to present identification challenges: the M. longiloba and M. mexicana-M. saxicola complexes. Overlapping and variable characters will continue to complicate species identification in the M. longiloba complex, while the late-season loss of primary leaves will obscure species identification between M. mexicana and M. saxicola.

"Geologic Time" As Calculated By C. D. Walcott

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Yochelson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Radiometric Dating ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Paleozoic Rock ◽  
Ocean Salinity ◽  
Rock Column ◽  
Paleozoic Rocks ◽  
Paleozoic Carbonates

In 1893, Walcott contributed to the debate on the length of geologic time. He approached the problem by calculating average thickness of the Paleozoic rock column in the west and dividing by rates of erosion and by rates of deposition to arrive at a time interval. Although he concentrated on the Cordilleran area, Walcott produced a general paleogeographic scheme for the Paleozoic of North America. He was quite clear in differentiating between chemical and mechanical deposits, and devoted most of his attention to the Paleozoic carbonates. Walcott chose western North America as the source for data, in part because of the long sections and in part because of the large amount of limestone relative to sandstone and shale. Throughout the discussion he included pertinent comments on such subjects as size of source areas and relative speed of deposition; he was familiar with many of the issues that occupy present-day sedimentologists. After considering various aspects of the issue, Walcott estimated 17,500,000 years for the duration of the Paleozoic. Walcott also derived a Paleozoic: Mesozoic: Cenozoic ratio of 12: 5: 2, the same ratio obtained today from radiometric dates. He estimated that the Algonkian was as long as Paleozoic and guessed 10,000,000 years for the duration of the Archean. The greatest flaws in his chain of logic were assumption of an erosion rate of 1 foot in 200 years and assumption that deposition of limestone was more or less continuous. Had he chosen 1 foot per 3,000 years, one of his other two calculations, he would have been close to present-day age figures. Perhaps it was the episodic, rather than the average, nature of sedimentation that was the pitfall. Nevertheless, Walcott's estimates of thicknesses of western Paleozoic rocks and his resulting calculations were the most detailed made on erosion/sedimentation rates to indicate the length of geologic time. His study was published in three journals, plus other outlets, and it may have been the most widely distributed paper of the decade. It was little cited, perhaps because within several years the debate on age shifted to use of ocean salinity as a potentially more precise calender. That approach in turn ultimately succumbed to the new concept of radiometric dating.

Analysing and mapping species range dynamics using occupancy models

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kéry ◽  
Gurutzeta Guillera-Arroita ◽  
José J. Lahoz-Monfort
Keyword(s):  
Species Range ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Range Dynamics
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