Product heterogeneity in international terms of payment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyejoon Im
Keyword(s):  
Product Heterogeneity

Simulation of Moulding of Refractory Bricks

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Gruber ◽  
Harald Harmuth
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Finite Element Modelling ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Element Modelling ◽  
Product Heterogeneity ◽  
Mould Filling ◽  
Refractory Bricks

Simulations presented here aim to show reasons for undesirable product heterogeneity and possible defects. Potential negative influences are for example insufficient deaeration, friction between the bulk material and the mould, deformation of the mould and an inappropriate mould filling. In a first step data were collected from a production process. This includes the load and displacement during moulding and the mass of the mix filled into the mould. For the Finite Element modelling with ABAQUS the brick material was simulated with a Drucker-Prager model including a cap. The results show the influence of the friction between mix and mould on the densities and stresses in the pressed blank.

Origins of Product Heterogeneity in the Spheripol High Impact Polypropylene Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 4178-4187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idoia Urdampilleta ◽  
Alba González ◽  
Juan J. Iruin ◽  
José C. de la Cal ◽  
José M. Asua
Keyword(s):  
High Impact ◽  
Product Heterogeneity

On the Impact of Geographic Distance on the Interregional Patterns of Production and Trade

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Peschel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interregional Interaction ◽  
Product Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact

The paper questions the ‘classical’ concept of distance on which interregional interaction models of the linear programming and the gravitation type are based. In contrast to the conclusions drawn from several econometric studies by Gordon inter alia the following hypotheses are suggested: There is no spatial stability in the relationship between flow levels and geographic distance with respect to particular commodity groups because of historical and geographical particularities in connection with product heterogeneity and oligopolistic market structure. If at all, a distance variable may explain the patterns of production and trade on an aggregate level. This factor of distance is neither equivalent to the transportation costs of today, nor does it fully represent the communication costs of today. It rather reflects the influence of the past on the contemporary spatial pattern of production and trade. With respect to international trade the impact of distance is of minor importance compared to the influence of cultural and linguistic affinity of spatial association and political relationship. These hypotheses are supported by quoting the results of several studies of the Institut für Regionalforschung der Universität Kiel arrived at in the past few years. All this research work centred on the question of how the spatial pattern of production and trade was influenced by national borders and geographic distance in the course of the European economic integration process. The final conclusion of the paper is the need for a theoretical reorientation.

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