scholarly journals GENDER PERFORMANCE GAPS: QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ON THE ROLE OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SLEEP CYCLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Lusher ◽  
Vasil Yasenov
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Sleep Cycles

What Regulates Gratitude Response of Women and Men? The Role of the Received Good, Psychosocial Factors, and Repayment

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Preś ◽  
Jacek Kurpisz ◽  
Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka ◽  
Katarzyna Adamowicz ◽  
Daria Suchecka-Fidura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This paper touches upon gender differences concerning psychosocial factors related to the emotional reaction of gratitude and forms of expressing gratitude in quasi-experimental conditions. It is based on findings from a study conducted on 576 participants of both sexes, aged 14 to 86 years. There were used three versions of the same questionnaire, depending on the type of the received good—material, intangible, or none. The participants’ gratitude level (as a trait), self-esteem, and emotional intelligence were measured. The findings revealed that women and young adults experience the highest levels of gratitude. Gender and age significantly differentiated the preferred ways of showing gratitude. Gratitude level was found to be positively correlated with self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and readiness to help people—both the benefactor and others. Getting an intangible good was associated with the strongest urge to reciprocate the benefactor. The preferred way of showing gratitude significantly varied between the investigated groups.

TESTING GOAL-DRIVEN CAPTURE BY THREAT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Robert Harrison Brown
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Contingent Capture ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Positive Stimuli

Attention has long been characterised within prominent models as reflecting a competition between goal-driven and stimulus-driven processes. It remains unclear, however, how involuntary attentional capture by affective stimuli, such as threat-laden content, fits into such models. While such effects were traditionally held to reflect stimulus-driven processes, recent research has increasingly implicated a critical role of goal-driven processes. Here we test an alternative goal-driven account of involuntary attentional capture by threat, using an experimental manipulation of goal-driven attention. To this end we combined the classic ‘contingent capture’ and ‘emotion-induced blink’ (EIB) paradigms in an RSVP task with both positive or threatening target search goals. Across six experiments, positive and threat distractors were presented in peripheral, parafoveal, and central locations. Across all distractor locations, we found that involuntary attentional capture by irrelevant threatening distractors could be induced via the adoption of a search goal for a threatening category; adopting a goal for a positive category conversely led to capture only by positive stimuli. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence for a causal role of voluntary goals in involuntary capture by irrelevant threat stimuli, and hence demonstrate the plausibility of a top-down account of this phenomenon. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to current cognitive models of attention and clinical disorders.

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