Is there a really resistance to scabies treatment with permethrin? In vitro killing activity of permethrin on Sarcoptes scabiei from patients with resistant scabies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslan Yürekli
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Killing Activity

scholarly journals In Vitro Time-Kill of Common Ocular Pathogens with Besifloxacin Alone and in Combination with Benzalkonium Chloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Joseph Blondeau ◽  
Heleen DeCory
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Aureus Isolate ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Variable Impact

Background: Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% (w/v%) contains benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as a preservative. We evaluated the in vitro time-kill activity of besifloxacin, alone and in combination with BAK, against common bacteria implicated in ophthalmic infections. Methods: The activity of besifloxacin (100 µg/mL), BAK (10, 15, 20, and 100 µg/mL), and combinations of besifloxacin and BAK were evaluated against isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 4), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 2), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2) in time-kill experiments of 180 min duration. With the exception of one S. aureus isolate, all of the staphylococcal isolates were methicillin- and/or ciprofloxacin-resistant; one P. aeruginosa isolate was ciprofloxacin-resistant. The reductions in the viable colony counts (log10 CFU/mL) were plotted against time, and the differences among the time–kill curves were evaluated using an analysis of variance. Areas-under-the-killing-curve (AUKCs) were also computed. Results: Besifloxacin alone demonstrated ≥3-log killing of P. aeruginosa (<5 min) and H. influenzae (<120 min), and approached 3-log kills of S. aureus. BAK alone demonstrated concentration-dependent killing of S. epidermidis, S. aureus and H. influenzae, and at 100 µg/mL produced ≥3-log kills in <5 min against these species. The addition of BAK (10, 15, and 20 µg/mL) to besifloxacin increased the rate of killing compared to besifloxacin alone, with earlier 3-log kills of all species except P. aeruginosa and a variable impact on S. aureus. The greatest reductions in AUKC were observed among H. influenzae (8-fold) and S. epidermidis (≥5-fold). Similar results were found when the isolates were evaluated individually by their resistance phenotype. Conclusions: In addition to confirming the activity of 100 µg/mL BAK as a preservative in the bottle, these data suggest that BAK may help besifloxacin to achieve faster time-kills on-eye in the immediate timeframe post-instillation before extensive dilution against bacterial species implicated in ophthalmic infections, including drug-resistant S. epidermidis. Greater killing activity may help prevent resistance development and/or help treat resistant organisms.

Acaricidal properties of an Ailanthus altissima bark extract against Psoroptes cuniculi and Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Gu ◽  
Chunlin Fang ◽  
Guangyou Yang ◽  
Yue Xie ◽  
Xiang Nong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Psoroptes Cuniculi

Ovicidie des acaricides : quelles molécules tuent les œufs de Sarcoptes scabiei dans un modèle in vitro ?

2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. S113
Author(s):  
C. Bernigaud ◽  
D. Fernando ◽  
H. Lu ◽  
J. Guillot ◽  
G. Hartel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoptes Scabiei

IL-12 Enhances Tumor Immunity Via Differential Effects On Regulatory T Cells and Cytotoxic Lymphocytes.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1656-1656
Author(s):  
Xuefang Cao ◽  
Karen Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Killing Activity

Abstract Abstract 1656 Poster Board I-682 To study the roles of IL-12 and Interferon-gamma (IFNg) in tumor immunity, we used RMAS lymphoma cells to challenge IL-12 receptor beta 2-deficient (IL-12Rb2-/-) and IFNg receptor 1-deficient (IFNgR1-/-) mice that are in the syngeneic C57BL/6J background. We intravenously injected mice with a dose of 1 × 104 RMAS cells that caused death in about 50% of wild-type (WT) mice. As shown in the Figure below, all of the WT mice treated with exogenous IL-12 were rescued from death caused by tumor growth; endogenous IL-12 was not sufficient to impact tumor growth since IL-12Rb2-/- mice showed a survival rate similar to that of WT mice. However, all of the IFNgR1-/- mice succumbed to tumor growth, indicating that endogenous IFNg is required for tumor immunity in this system. Furthermore, IL-12 treatment did not improve the survival of the IFNgR1-/- mice, suggesting that IFNg signaling is required for IL-12's anti-tumor effect. We previously showed that an IL-12/IFNg axis can inhibit tumor-induced regulatory T cell (Treg) proliferation in vitro (Cao et al, 2008 ASH Annual Meeting). We have subsequently examined their effects on Treg cells in vivo. Compared to naive mice, significant Treg expansion (4.9 ± 2.1 fold, n=5, p=0.025) was observed in the peritoneal cavity of WT mice within 2 weeks after an intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 104 RMAS cells. This expansion was completely blocked by treatment with exogenous IL-12. Treg cells in the IL-12Rb2-/- mice expanded to levels comparable to that in WT animals, suggesting that endogenous IL-12 was not sufficient to control Treg expansion. In contrast, significantly higher Treg expansion was observed in IFNgR1-/- mice (36.8 ± 11.8 fold, n=5, p=0.002), which was partially inhibited by IL-12 treatment (13.2 ± 3.5 fold, n=5, p=0.002), suggesting that an IFNg-independent mechanism may also account for IL-12's anti-Treg effect. To further study the effects of IL-12 and IFNg on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function, we performed mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and used flow-based killing assays (FloKA) to measure cell contact-dependent killing of allogeneic P815 tumor cells. MLR-activated CTLs were found to kill tumor targets via perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity. At a 10:1 (effector:target) ratio, granzyme AxB-deficient CTLs and perforin-deficient CTLs displayed significantly reduced killing (8.6 ± 1.2% and 4.5 ± 0.9%, respectively) compared to WT CTLs (36.1 ± 3.5%). IL-12 supplement (2ng/ml) to the MLR significantly increased the killing activity of WT CTLs (65.3 ± 4.2%), but had no significant effect on granzyme AxB-deficient CTLs or perforin-deficient CTLs. In contrast, IFNg supplement (10ng/ml) to the MLR had no significant effect on the killing activity of CTLs. Conversely, MLR-activated IFNgR1-/- CTLs killed P815 cells as efficiently as WT CTLs and responded to IL-12 treatment as efficiently as WT CTLs. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-12 treatment inhibits tumor-induced Treg expansion and stimulates IFNg-dependent anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, IL-12 also activates perforin/granzyme-dependent function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These differential effects on diverse immune components may collectively result in enhanced tumor immunity. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

In vitro Short-Time Killing Activity of Povidone-Iodine (Isodine® Gargle) in the Presence of Oral Organic Matter

Dermatology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Yoneyama ◽  
Masaki Shimizu ◽  
Makiko Tabata ◽  
Junko Yashiro ◽  
Toshihiko Takata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Short Time
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