scholarly journals The governance of Syrian refugees in the Middle East: Lessons from the Jordan and Lebanon Compacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Bank ◽  
Christiane Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Syrian Refugees

scholarly journals Trafficking and Syrian Refugee Smuggling: Evidence from the Balkan Route

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Mandic
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Depth Interviews

As of March 2016, 4.8 million Syrian refugees were scattered in two dozen countries by the civil war. Refugee smuggling has been a major catalyst of human trafficking in the Middle East and Europe migrant crises. Data on the extent to which smuggling devolved into trafficking in this refugee wave is, however, scarce. This article investigates how Syrian refugees interact with smugglers, shedding light on how human smuggling and human trafficking interrelated on the Balkan Route. I rely on original evidence from in-depth interviews (n = 123) and surveys (n = 100) with Syrian refugees in Jordan, Turkey, Greece, Serbia, and Germany; as well as ethnographic observations in thirty-five refugee camps or other sites in these countries. I argue that most smugglers functioned as guides, informants, and allies in understudied ways—thus refugee perceptions diverge dramatically from government policy assumptions. I conclude with a recommendation for a targeted advice policy that would acknowledge the reality of migrant-smuggler relations, and more effectively curb trafficking instead of endangering refugees.

scholarly journals The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the Role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

2019 ◽  
pp. 697-706
Author(s):  
Zahid Shahab Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Syrian Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Arab Spring

Following the Arab Spring, the Middle East is in chaos with ongoing wars in Yemen and Syria. There are millions of Syrians seeking refuge in neighboring countries like Turkey and Lebanon, and in European countries like Greece, Hungary, and Germany. Nonetheless, the largest proportion of Syrian refugees in hosted by neighboring countries needing continuous support of the international community. As the issue of Syrian refugees is transnational, there is a need to look for multilateral options for dealing with the crisis. Thus, the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) becomes crucial. Irrespective of being labelled as a ‘talk fest', there is no denying of the fact that OIC has significant potential for tackling grave challenges facing the Muslim world. The problems range from extremism and radicalization to poverty and illiteracy. Now there is the emergent challenge of refugees from the Middle Eastern crisis. This paper evaluates the role of OIC with reference to the Syrian refugee crisis in the Middle East and beyond.

Humanitarian Programs and Interventions in Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Konuk ◽  
Zeynep Zat
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Marmara Earthquake ◽  
Emdr Therapy ◽  
Crisis Situations

In this article, the concept of humanitarian aid, the basic needs in crisis situations, the definition of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and EMDR as a humanitarian intervention are explained. General needs and needs in Middle East are discussed. Some of the published studies about the EMDR therapy as a humanitarian intervention are summarized. Training and humanitarian programs in Turkey are documented. Two of our important humanitarian projects with EMDR including Marmara earthquake training and Intervention and Kilis Syrian refugees projects are described in detail. The aim of this article is to underline the importance of basic elements of natural and man-made disasters in terms of organization, financing, training, and intervention.

Le Liban, entre révoltes arabes et conflit syrien: un exercice de flexibilité

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Trombetta
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Current Transition

Since the beginning of the Syrian uprising in Spring 2011, the social, economic and political Lebanese landscape – described as one of the most unstable and fragile of the Middle East – has unexpectedly showed a great ability in absorbing the effects of the crisis. The massive influx of Syrian refugees and the prolonged status of war in Syria have indeed exacerbated the pre-existent domestic political and sectarian tensions in various Lebanese regions. But the country appears far from being on the brink of a new nationwide ‘civil war’. This paper intends to discuss the exceptional flexibility of the Lebanese system in the light of its modern and contemporary history and to examine the crucial role played by local actors in the current transition.

Borders and Mobilities in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Natalia Ribas-Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Cross

This chapter addresses the transformation of geopolitical lines and borders in a globalizing world. In the Middle East, this transformation has been accompanied by severe social inequalities that have been expressed in a number of different ways: increasing limitations placed on the mobility of refugees and migrants, yet decreasing limitations on the cross-border flow of goods; a proliferation of refugee encampments and settlements (formal and informal); human vulnerability and rights violations; and expanded border securitization. In the case of Lebanon, these processes play out in especially stark fashion in big cities and border sites. This chapter focuses on one such site in an area of Lebanon: the Central Bekaa. It is important to start by looking at the context of borders and mobility in the Middle East. This chapter is based on original research that aims to provide an examination of certain aspects of borders and mobility, including the transnational circulation of displaced communities, cross-border networks, and how Syrian refugees in the Middle East—especially in Lebanon—navigate borders and deploy their own social capital in the process.

scholarly journals The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the Role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

2017 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Zahid Shahab Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Syrian Refugee ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Syrian Refugee Crisis ◽  
The Arab Spring

Following the Arab Spring, the Middle East is in chaos with ongoing wars in Yemen and Syria. There are millions of Syrians seeking refuge in neighboring countries like Turkey and Lebanon, and in European countries like Greece, Hungary, and Germany. Nonetheless, the largest proportion of Syrian refugees in hosted by neighboring countries needing continuous support of the international community. As the issue of Syrian refugees is transnational, there is a need to look for multilateral options for dealing with the crisis. Thus, the role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) becomes crucial. Irrespective of being labelled as a ‘talk fest', there is no denying of the fact that OIC has significant potential for tackling grave challenges facing the Muslim world. The problems range from extremism and radicalization to poverty and illiteracy. Now there is the emergent challenge of refugees from the Middle Eastern crisis. This paper evaluates the role of OIC with reference to the Syrian refugee crisis in the Middle East and beyond.

scholarly journals Turecki projekt utworzenia strefy bezpieczeństwa w północnej Syrii w kontekście unijno-tureckiej współpracy w zakresie migracji

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (22 (180)) ◽  
pp. 139-162
Author(s):  
Renata Kurpiewska-Korbut
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Migration Management ◽  
Vital Interest ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Power Position ◽  
The Eu

Plany władz tureckich dotyczące ustanowienia w północnej Syrii strefy bezpieczeństwa dla uchodźców syryjskich stanowią podstawę podjętych w artykule rozważań nad stanowiskiem Unii Europejskiej wobec proponowanego organizmu politycznego i możliwości podjęcia związanych z nim działań. Są zarazem punktem wyjścia dla szerszej analizy stosunków unijno-tureckich, zwłaszcza z uwzględnieniem kwestii bliskowschodniego uchodźstwa. Artykuł powstał w oparciu o politologiczną analizę treści (dokumentów i tekstów medialnych) oraz przegląd literatury naukowej na temat eksternalizacji zarządzania migracjami przez UE, stref bezpieczeństwa, stosunków UE-Turcja oraz projektu utworzenia syryjskiej strefy. Przywołane publikacje powstały głównie w latach 2017–2020, czyli w okresie wzmożonego zainteresowania badanym zagadnieniem. Konkluzje uzyskane w wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy wskazują na żywotne zainteresowanie obu stron podtrzymaniem współpracy w zakresie migracji. Po stronie unijnej wynika ono głównie z potrzeby realizacji celów eksternalizacji zrządzania migracjami, natomiast dla Turcji pozostaje ona ważnym elementem wpisującym się w proces budowy pozycji mocarstwa regionalnego. Wbrew jednak wzajemnym zależnościom partnerów w realizacji priorytetowych interesów, akceptacja dla utworzenia strefy bezpieczeństwa w Syrii przez UE – w świetle obecnych uwarunkowań prawnomiędzynarodowych i geopolitycznych – jest mało prawdopodobna. The Turkish project of a security zone in northern Syria in the context of Euro-Turkish cooperation on migration The plans of the Turkish authorities to establish a security zone in northern Syria for Syrian refugees are the basis of the study on the European Union’s position towards the proposed political organism and the possibility of taking related actions. They are also a starting point for a broader analysis of EU-Turkish relations, especially concerning the issue of Middle East refugees. The paper is based on a political science analysis of the content (documents and media texts) and a review of the scientific literature on the externalization of migration management by the EU, security zones, EU-Turkey relations and the project to create a Syrian zone. These publications were created mainly between 2017 and 2020, in the period of increased interest in the issue. The conclusions from the analysis indicate the vital interest of both parties in maintaining cooperation in the field of migration. On the EU side, it results mainly from the need to achieve the goals of externalizing migration management, while for Turkey it remains an important element in the process of building a regional power position. However, despite the mutual dependence of partners in the implementation of their priority interests, the acceptance of the creation of a security zone in Syria by the EU – in the light of the current international and geopolitical legal conditions – is unlikely.

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