scholarly journals Influence of dietary protein on postprandial blood glucose levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus using intensive insulin therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Paterson ◽  
C. E. M. Smart ◽  
P. E. Lopez ◽  
P. McElduff ◽  
J. Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Intensive Insulin Therapy ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

scholarly journals The Effect of a Short Sprint on Postexercise Whole-Body Glucose Production and Utilization Rates in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4193-4200 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Fahey ◽  
N. Paramalingam ◽  
R. J. Davey ◽  
E. A. Davis ◽  
T. W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Context: Recently we showed that a 10-sec maximal sprint effort performed before or after moderate intensity exercise can prevent early hypoglycemia during recovery in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the mechanisms underlying this protective effect of sprinting are still unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that short duration sprinting increases blood glucose levels via a disproportionate increase in glucose rate of appearance (Ra) relative to glucose rate of disappearance (Rd). Subjects and Experimental Design: Eight T1DM participants were subjected to a euglycemic-euinsulinemic clamp and, together with nondiabetic participants, were infused with [6,6-2H]glucose before sprinting for 10 sec and allowed to recover for 2 h. Results: In response to sprinting, blood glucose levels increased by 1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/liter (P < 0.05) within 30 min of recovery in T1DM participants and remained stable afterward, whereas glycemia rose by only 0.40 ± 0.05 mmol/liter in the nondiabetic group. During recovery, glucose Ra did not change in both groups (P > 0.05), but glucose Rd in the nondiabetic and diabetic participants fell rapidly after exercise before returning within 30 min to preexercise levels. After sprinting, the levels of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and GH rose transiently in both experimental groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A sprint as short as 10 sec can increase plasma glucose levels in nondiabetic and T1DM individuals, with this rise resulting from a transient decline in glucose Rd rather than from a disproportionate rise in glucose Ra relative to glucose Rd as reported with intense aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals Stem Cells in the Treatment of InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Borisov ◽  
O. S. Petrakova ◽  
I. G. Gvazava ◽  
E. N. Kalistratova ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes affects over 350 million people worldwide, with the figure projected to rise to nearly 500 million over the next 20 years, according to the World Health Organization. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) is an endocrine disorder caused by an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-producing -cells in the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. Administration of exogenous insulin remains at the moment the treatment mainstay. This approach helps to regulate blood glucose levels and significantly increases the life expectancy of patients. However, type 1 diabetes is accompanied by long-term complications associated with the systemic nature of the disease and metabolic abnormalities having a profound impact on health. Of greater impact would be a therapeutic approach which would overcome these limitations by better control of blood glucose levels and prevention of acute and chronic complications. The current efforts in the field of regenerative medicine are aimed at finding such an approach. In this review, we discuss the time-honored technique of donor islets of Langerhans transplantation. We also focus on the use of pluripotent stem and committed cells and cellular reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms of pancreatic differentiation are highlighted. Much attention is devoted to the methods of grafts delivery and to the materials used during its creation.

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