Risk of the development of Type 2 diabetes in relation to overall obesity, abdominal obesity and the clustering of metabolic abnormalities in Japanese individuals: does metabolically healthy overweight really exist? The Niigata Wellness Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Heianza ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
S. Kodama ◽  
N. Ohara ◽  
A. Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Association of Major Dietary Patterns with General and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Ghane Basiri ◽  
Gity Sotoudeh ◽  
Mahmood Djalali ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ◽  
Neda Noorshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns associated with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: We included 728 patients (35 - 65 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this cross-sectional study. The usual dietary intake of individuals over 1 year was collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to standard protocol. Results: The two major dietary patterns identified by factor analysis were healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quintile of the healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for the general obesity when compared to the lowest quintile (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.26 - 0.79, P for trend = 0.02), while patients in the highest quintile of the unhealthy dietary pattern scores had greater odds for the general obesity (OR = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.8 - 5.9, P for trend < 0.001). There were no significant associations between major dietary patterns and abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: This study shows that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a healthy dietary pattern is inversely associated and an unhealthy dietary pattern is directly associated with general obesity.

Abstract 13508: Obesity Phenotype and the Risk of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes: Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Matter?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Mercedes Carnethon ◽  
Won Hah Park ◽  
Bo Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) with incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The role of cardiorespiratory fitness on these associations has not been fully explored. We tested the hypothesis that obesity phenotypes predict incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes, but cardiorespiratory fitness modifies these associations in a prospective study of apparently healthy men. 3800 men (mean age 48±6 yrs, range 20-76 yrs) participated in two health examinations during 1998-2009. All subjects were free of hypertension and type 2 diabetes at baseline examination. MHO was defined as obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) with no more than one metabolic abnormality, and MUNW was defined as body mass index < 23 kg/m2) with two or more abnormalities. Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during a treadmill test. Incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes were defined as blood pressure ≥140/90mmHg and as ≥6.5% of HbA1c or ≥126mg/dl of fasting glucose at second examination, respectively. During an average follow-up of 5 years (1-12 yrs), there were 371 (9.8%) men incident hypertension and 170 (4.5%) men incident type 2 diabetes. MHO and MUNW were present in 844 (22%) and 249 (6.6%) men. Compared with metabolically healthy normal weight men, MHO and MUNW men were at increased risk for hypertension (relative risk (RR) =1.82, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.29-2.56 and 1.75, 1.11-2.74) and type 2 diabetes (RR=3.68, 1.92-7.07 and 5.35, 2.61-10.94), respectively. These risks in MHO and MUNW men were still persisted with adjustment for confounder variables and cardiorespiratory fitness (hypertension=1.57, 1.05-2.34 and 1.59, 1.01-2.51; type 2 diabetes=3.35, 1.63-6.89 and 4.76, 2.32-9.77). Metabolically healthy obese or metabolically unhealthy normal weight men were at increased risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes compared with metabolically healthy normal weight men. However, these associations were not attenuated by cardiorespiratory fitness or other confounder factors.

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical and biochemical variables in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their first-degree relatives with metabolic syndrome in Benin City, Nigeria: A cross sectional case controlled study

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ogedengbe ◽  
IU Ezeani ◽  
E Aihanuwa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Benin City ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjective. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is also associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including hyper-tension and dyslipidemia. Although there are many studies that have studied the metabolic abnormalities in T2DM patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), only few of them have assessed the metabolic abnormalities in their first-degree relatives (FDRs) who had MetS. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and biochemical variables in T2DM subjects and their FDRs without diabetes in Benin City, Nigeria.Methods. This is a cross sectional case control study including 124 T2DM patients, 96 FDR of T2DM subjects, and 96 controls recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire-administered technique. Variables of interest that were assessed included anthropometric indices like waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist:hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), proteinuria, and microalbuminuria. The 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to make a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The Chi-square test was used for comparison of proportions. P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. The student t-test was used to compare means and test for significant differences in the anthropometric and the metabolic indices.Results. The prevalence of the MetS in T2DM persons was 87.1%, 16.7% in the FDR group, and 13.5% in the control group according to the WHO criteria. The mean value of HbA1c was significantly higher in T2DM subjects with MetS (p<0.05). The mean values of WC, FPG, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were higher in subjects with MetS in the T2DM group than in persons with MetS in the FDR group though not significant (p>0.05). The mean values of WHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, and triglyceride were higher in persons with the MetS in the FDR group than in persons with the MetS in the T2DM group. The difference in the BMI and SBP was significant (p<0.05).Conclusion. The prevalence of MetS in subjects with T2DM in Nigeria is very high. Though, all the biochemical and clinical indices were higher in T2DM subjects with MetS, the mean HbA1c, BMI, and SBP was significantly higher when compared to their FDR who also have MetS.

scholarly journals Age, abdominal obesity, and glycated hemoglobin are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Alina Silaghi ◽  
Horatiu Silaghi ◽  
Anca Elena Craciun ◽  
Anca Farcas ◽  
Horatiu Alexandru Colosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical parameters and indices of body composition on the rela- tion between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), in a type 2 diabetes mel- litus population (T2DM). Material and methods: We retrospectively enrolled 336 T2DM outpatients who regularly attended Regina Maria Clinic in Cluj. Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. Ultrasonography (US) was used to assess hepatic steatosis (HS) in all patients and cIMT in 146 subjects. Body composition was assessed by bioelectric impedance (BIA, InBody 720) in all patients. Results: cIMT was correlated with age (r=0.25; p=0.004), systolic blood pressure (r=0.18; p=0.041), glycated haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C, r=0.20; p=0.04), and with coronary artery disease (r=0.20; p=0.007). HS did not correlate with cIMT (r=0.04; p=0.64). cIMT was correlated with visceral fatty area (VFA, r=0.18; p=0.014) but not with other indices of body composition. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was not correlated with cIMT (r=0.17; p=0.086). After multivariate analysis, age, HbA1c, and VFA were good independent predictors of cIMT (r=0.45; p˂0.001). Conclusions: These results are suggestive that in T2DM patients, fatty liver is not a direct mediator of early carotid atherosclerosis. Our data indicate that visceral fat accumulation and HbA1C are determinant factors of cIMT sugesting that controlling abdominal obesity and hyperglicemia might reduce atherosclerotic disease risk in NAFLD-T2DM subjects.

scholarly journals The Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Korean Metabolically Healthy Obese Population: The Role of Systemic Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hee Jung ◽  
Min Jung Lee ◽  
Yu Mi Kang ◽  
Jung Eun Jang ◽  
Jaechan Leem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Inflammation Group

Abstract Objective: This study sought to investigate whether the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a Korean population and, if so, whether systemic inflammation affects this risk in MHO individuals. Design and Methods: The study population comprised 36 135 Koreans without type 2 diabetes. Participants were stratified by body mass index (cutoff value, 25.0 kg/m2) and metabolic health state (assessed using Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria). High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was used as a surrogate marker of systemic inflammation. Subjects were classified into low (ie, hsCRP &lt; 0.5 mg/L) and high (ie, hsCRP ≥ 0.5 mg/L) systemic inflammation groups. Results: During a median followup of 36.5 months (range, 4.8–81.7 mo), 635 of the 36 135 individuals (1.8%) developed type 2 diabetes. The MHO group had a significantly higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–2.11) than the metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO) group. However, the risk of the MHO group varied according to the degree of systemic inflammation. Compared with the MHNO/low systemic inflammation group, the risk of type 2 diabetes in the MHO/low systemic inflammation group was not significantly elevated (multivariate-adjusted HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.77–3.34). However, the MHO/high systemic inflammation group had an elevated risk of incident type 2 diabetes (multivariate-adjusted HR, 3.73; 95% CI 2.36–5.88). Conclusions: MHO subjects show a substantially higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes than MHNO subjects. The level of systemic inflammation partially explains this increased risk.

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