scholarly journals Insulin secretion measured by stimulated C-peptide in long-established Type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/ Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) cohort: a pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1264-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. McGee ◽  
M. Steffes ◽  
M. Nowicki ◽  
M. Bayless ◽  
R. Gubitosi-Klug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Diabetes Interventions

scholarly journals Comparison of proinsulin and C-peptide secretion in healthy versus long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus cohorts: A pilot study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0207065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Sullivan ◽  
Jose M. Cacicedo ◽  
Iniya Rajendran ◽  
Devin W. Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Secretion

scholarly journals Hearing Impairment and Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Cohort

Diabetes Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2495-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Schade ◽  
Gayle M. Lorenzi ◽  
Barbara H. Braffett ◽  
Xiaoyu Gao ◽  
Kathleen E. Bainbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Diabetes Interventions

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 at Diagnosis and during Subsequent Years in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona I. Chisalita ◽  
J. Ludvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
High Hba1c

Background. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adolescents is associated with alterations in the insulin-like factor system probably caused both by a deranged metabolism and insulinopenia in the portal vein. Objective. To study how the circulating IGF-1 is affected at diagnosis and during subsequent years in adolescents with T1D. Methods. Ten girls and ten boys with type 1 diabetes (T1D), aged 13.0 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) years at diagnosis, took part in the study. Blood samples were drawn at diagnosis and after 3, 9, 18, and 48 months. HbA1c, total IGF-1, and C-peptide were measured. Results. At diagnosis, the patients had high HbA1c, low IGF-1, and measurable C-peptide. After the start of insulin treatment, maximal improvement in glycemic control and IGF-1 occurred within 3 months and then both tended to deteriorate, that is, HbA1c to increase and IGF-1 to decrease. C-peptide decreased with time, and after 4 years, half of the patients were C-peptide negative. At diagnosis, C-peptide correlated positively to IGF-1 (r=0.50; p<0.03). C-peptide correlated negatively with insulin dose (U/kg) after 18 and 48 months from diagnosis (r=−0.48; p<0.03 and r=−0.72; p<0.001, resp.). Conclusions. In conclusion, our results show that in newly diagnosed adolescents with type 1 diabetes and deranged metabolism, the IGF-1 level is low and rapidly improves with insulin treatment but later tends to decrease concomitantly with declining endogenous insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Type 1 diabetes can present before the age of 6 months and is characterised by autoimmunity and rapid loss of beta cells

Diabetologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Johnson ◽  
◽  
Kashyap A. Patel ◽  
Elisa De Franco ◽  
William Hagopian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Neonatal Diabetes ◽  
Pathogenic Variant ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Diabetes diagnosed at <6 months of age is usually monogenic. However, 10–15% of affected infants do not have a pathogenic variant in one of the 26 known neonatal diabetes genes. We characterised infants diagnosed at <6 months of age without a pathogenic variant to assess whether polygenic type 1 diabetes could arise at early ages. Methods We studied 166 infants diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at <6 months of age in whom pathogenic variants in all 26 known genes had been excluded and compared them with infants with monogenic neonatal diabetes (n = 164) or children with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at 6–24 months of age (n = 152). We assessed the type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D-GRS), islet autoantibodies, C-peptide and clinical features. Results We found an excess of infants with high T1D-GRS: 38% (63/166) had a T1D-GRS >95th centile of healthy individuals, whereas 5% (8/166) would be expected if all were monogenic (p < 0.0001). Individuals with a high T1D-GRS had a similar rate of autoantibody positivity to that seen in individuals with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at 6–24 months of age (41% vs 58%, p = 0.2), and had markedly reduced C-peptide levels (median <3 pmol/l within 1 year of diagnosis), reflecting rapid loss of insulin secretion. These individuals also had reduced birthweights (median z score −0.89), which were lowest in those diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at <3 months of age (median z score −1.98). Conclusions/interpretation We provide strong evidence that type 1 diabetes can present before the age of 6 months based on individuals with this extremely early-onset diabetes subtype having the classic features of childhood type 1 diabetes: high genetic risk, autoimmunity and rapid beta cell loss. The early-onset association with reduced birthweight raises the possibility that for some individuals there was reduced insulin secretion in utero. Comprehensive genetic testing for all neonatal diabetes genes remains essential for all individuals diagnosed with diabetes at <6 months of age.

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