scholarly journals The International Alliance of Academies of Childhood Disability Knowledge Hub

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-761
Author(s):  
Jenny Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Disability ◽  
International Alliance

scholarly journals Role of antenatal plasma cytomegalovirus DNA levels on pregnancy outcome and HIV-1 vertical transmission among mothers in the University of Zimbabwe birth cohort study (UZBCS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerina Duri ◽  
◽  
Simbarashe Chimhuya ◽  
Exnevia Gomo ◽  
Privilege Tendai Munjoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cmv Dnaemia ◽  
Rna Levels

Introduction Despite being a leading infectious cause of childhood disability globally, testing for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in pregnancy is generally not done in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), where breastfeeding practice is almost universal. Whilst CMV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both endemic in SSA, the relationship between antenatal plasma CMV-DNA, HIV-1-RNA levels and HIV-1-mother to child transmission (MTCT) including pregnancy outcomes remains poorly described. Methods Pregnant women at least 20 weeks’ gestational age at enrolment were recruited from relatively poor high-density suburbs in Harare, Zimbabwe. Mother-infant dyads were followed up until 6 months postpartum. In a case–control study design, we tested antenatal plasma CMV-DNA levels in all 11 HIV-1 transmitting mothers, as well as randomly selected HIV-infected but non-transmitting mothers and HIV-uninfected controls. CMV-DNA was detected and quantified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Antenatal plasma HIV-1-RNA load was quantified by reverse transcriptase PCR. Infants’ HIV-1 infection was detected using qualitative proviral DNA-PCR. Predictive value of antenatal plasma CMV-DNAemia (CMV-DNA of > 50 copies/mL) for HIV-1-MTCT was analyzed in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Associations of CMV-DNAemia with HIV-1-RNA levels and pregnancy outcomes were also explored. Results CMV-DNAemia data were available for 11 HIV-1 transmitting mothers, 120 HIV-infected but non-transmitting controls and 46 HIV-uninfected mothers. In a multivariate logistic regression model, we found a significant association between CMV-DNAemia of > 50 copies/mL and HIV-1 vertical transmission (p = 0.035). There was no difference in frequencies of detectable CMV-DNAemia between HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women (p = 0.841). However, CMV-DNA levels were higher in immunosuppressed HIV-infected pregnant women, CD4 < 200 cells/µL (p = 0.018). Non-significant associations of more preterm births (< 37 weeks, p = 0.063), and generally lower birth weights (< 2500 g, p = 0.450) were observed in infants born of HIV-infected mothers with CMV-DNAemia. Furthermore, in a multivariate analysis of HIV-infected but non-transmitting mothers, CMV-DNAemia of > 50 copies/mL correlated significantly with antenatal plasma HIV-1-RNA load (p = 0.002). Conclusion Antenatal plasma CMV-DNA of > 50 copies/mL may be an independent risk factor for HIV-1-MTCT and higher plasma HIV-1-RNA load, raising the possibility that controlling antenatal CMV-DNAemia might improve infant health outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Life Quality and Participation of Disabled Children and Young People: Design and Methods of a Transformative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110167
Author(s):  
Snæfrídur Thóra Egilson ◽  
Linda B. Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Anna Sigrún Ingimarsdóttir ◽  
Freyja Haraldsdóttir ◽  
Ásta Jóhannsdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Quality ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Design And Methods

The LIFE-DCY research project has two aims. First, to evaluate disabled children’s quality of life (QoL) as reported by themselves and their parents, and second, to locate commonalities, differences, and conflicting issues in the processes that may influence disabled children’s life quality and participation. This paper describes the study design, methodology, and methods along with lessons learned. In addition various methodological and ethical concerns are raised. A sequential mixed-methods design was applied. In Phase one (mapping) we used KIDSCREEN-27 to study how disabled children evaluate their QoL compared with the perspectives of their parents and those of non-disabled children and their parents. Using the Participation and environment measure we also studied parents’ perspectives of their children’s participation in different social contexts. Altogether 209 disabled children and their parents, and 335 children in a control group and their parents (paired reports) participated in phase one. Phase two (unpacking) consisted of 14 case studies with disabled children aged 8–18 years and focus groups with 21 disabled people aged 19–35 years. The initial analysis was inductive and data-oriented. We then used critical and transformative lenses to shed light on how meaning was made of life quality and participation in relation to the context in which study participants found themselves. The LIFE-DCY research promotes an understanding of how important aspects of life quality and participation may intersect within different contexts and at different times. The theoretical understandings from this study may also help unpack various aspects of childhood disability in terms of knowledge and power and enhance understandings of how ideas about normality and childhood disability are constructed.

scholarly journals Income poverty among children with a disability in Belgium: the interplay between parental employment, social background and targeted cash support

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
JULIE VINCK
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Parental Employment ◽  
Poverty Risk

Abstract Previous research has shown a clear link between childhood disability and child poverty. This is related to the fact that parents of disabled children (1) need to provide more care, which impedes their employment participation; and (2) more often belong to disadvantaged social categories. However, the adverse relationship between childhood disability and child poverty can be cushioned by cash support systems. Hitherto, the literature lacks insight into how the receipt of different cash support systems is related to parental employment and social background, and what joint role these three factors play in understanding the poverty risk of these children. To fill this gap, a case study on Belgium is performed using unique and large-scale register data. The results show that disabled children have a lower income poverty risk than non-disabled children, even when parental employment and social background are taken into account. This can be explained by the targeted cash support disabled children receive. However, previous research showed that a substantial group of disabled children does not receive the benefit. Hence, more could be achieved if the non-take-up would be addressed, in particular among the most vulnerable children.

Perceptions of the causes of childhood disability among Pakistani families living in the UK

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Croot ◽  
G. Grant ◽  
C. L. Cooper ◽  
N. Mathers
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Disability ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pakistani Families

The Internationalization of BCIA

Biofeedback ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Donald Moss ◽  
Fred Shaffer ◽  
Judy Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
National Community ◽  
International Alliance ◽  
Worldwide Network

The Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA)-Australia has recently become the first fully autonomous affiliate of BCIA, certifying neurofeedback professionals in Australia, with requirements equivalent to those of BCIA. BCIA has also established a worldwide network of professionals, who intermittently meet to promote biofeedback and neurofeedback certification in each national community. BCIA accredits programs providing basic training and continuing education.

Physiotherapy management of children with cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yusuff Tunde Gbonjubola ◽  
Daha Garba Muhammad ◽  
Adekolurejo Tobi Elisha
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Physiotherapy Intervention ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
The World

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive developmental movement and posture disorder that occurs during fetal or infant development. It results from an insult to the developing brain before birth, during delivery, or after birth. CP is regarded as the leading cause of childhood disability in all parts of the world. The hallmark of CP is a motor disability, thus, physiotherapy has long been central to the clinical management of children with this disorders. Physiotherapy intervention in the management of this condition focuses on function, movement, and optimizing the child’s potential. Some of the approaches used are neurodevelopmental technique, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, exercise therapy, hydrotherapy, body weight support tread mill training, sensory integration training, and constraints induced therapy. Although, physiotherapy is generally recommended by all members of the health-care team. However, the effectiveness of physiotherapy is inconsistent. The objective of this review was to summarize the proven effectiveness of the most commonly used physiotherapy intervention in the management of children with CP.

scholarly journals Correction to: Childhood disability in Malawi: a population based assessment using the key informant method

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Tataryn ◽  
Sarah Polack ◽  
Linda Chokotho ◽  
Wakisa Mulwafu ◽  
Petros Kayange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Key Informant

scholarly journals Assessing Knowledge on Clubfoot Among Parents Having Children with Clubfoot Deformity

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zobaer Alam ◽  
Md Monoarul Haque ◽  
Md Rijwan Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Shahinoor Islam ◽  
Monirul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: The burden of childhood disability as a public health problem in developing countries remains relatively unrecognized. One out of 750 children born in the world suffer from club foot among them 80% are in low and middle income countries. Most of these babies have limited access to receive effective treatment for their clubfoot due to lack o knowledge, awareness and some barriers. We actually don’t know the level of knowledge of parents who have child with clubfoot deformity. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of parents who have children with clubfoot during clubfoot treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 102 parents who have children with clubfoot deformity during its treatment in a selected clinic. The samples were selected purposively from the clinics where clubfoot treatment was given and face to face interview was done by using semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the respondents were 24.7 (±6.0) years where 87.3% (n=89) respondents ware female and 59.8 %(n=61) respondent’s educational status ware up to primary level. About 44.1% respondents started treatment of their child within 6 months of birth and 33% within 6 to 12 months where 57% (n=58) respondents are referred by health care professional to this clinics. About 93.1% of parents (n=95) said that they knew nothing about clubfoot deformity before their child was diagnosed where 97% are aware after diagnosis of their child. About 93.1% respondents knew the best time for treatment initiation where 59.8% respondents know the correct follow up time of clubfoot management. In case of knowledge of parents’ roles in the treatment of clubfoot about 91.2%, parents have knowledge weekly visit for treatment and 86.3% know the plaster care where 52.9% (n=54) parents have lack of knowledge about how to use the brace Conclusion: There is need to improve the communication skills of clinicians/health care providers offering treatment to children with clubfoot at the Clinics. Need to share information with the parents about the condition. Finally, there is need to emphasize of educating parents about plaster care and how to use brace. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22882 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 42-46

scholarly journals Childhood disability in Turkana, Kenya: Understanding how carers cope in a complex humanitarian setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Zuurmond ◽  
Velma Nyapera ◽  
Victoria Mwenda ◽  
James Kisia ◽  
Hilary Rono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Health Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Support Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Although the consequences of disability are magnified in humanitarian contexts, research into the difficulties of caring for children with a disability in such settings has received limited attention.Methods: Based on in-depth interviews with 31 families, key informants and focus group discussions in Turkana, Kenya, this article explores the lives of families caring for children with a range of impairments (hearing, vision, physical and intellectual) in a complex humanitarian context characterised by drought, flooding, armed conflict, poverty and historical marginalisation.Results: The challenging environmental and social conditions of Turkana magnified not only the impact of impairment on children, but also the burden of caregiving. The remoteness of Turkana, along with the paucity and fragmentation of health, rehabilitation and social services, posed major challenges and created opportunity costs for families. Disability-related stigma isolated mothers of children with disabilities, especially, increasing their burden of care and further limiting their access to services and humanitarian programmes. In a context where social systems are already stressed, the combination of these factors compounded the vulnerabilities faced by children with disabilities and their families.Conclusion: The needs of children with disabilities and their carers in Turkana are not being met by either community social support systems or humanitarian aid programmes. There is an urgent need to mainstream disability into Turkana services and programmes.

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