scholarly journals An investigation into the relationship between vigabatrin, movement disorders, and brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with infantile spasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choong YI Fong ◽  
John P Osborne ◽  
Stuart W Edwards ◽  
Cheryl Hemingway ◽  
Eleanor Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Relationship

Yield of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epilepsy Diagnosis from 1998 to 2020: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Stern ◽  
Liora Kornreich ◽  
Hadassa Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Abnormalities ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis

Abstract Background We aimed to find the clinical significance of brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in epilepsy and the lateralization of these findings with electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the results of all EEGs and brain MRIs of 600 consecutive epilepsy patients from 1998 to 2020. Results Data were available for 563 cases (267 females). Ninety percent of the patients were 18 years old or younger. A total of 345 patients (61.3%) had focal epilepsy, 180 (32%), generalized, and 38 (6.7%), inconclusive. In 187 (33.2%), the first MRI was abnormal and in 81 (out of 108 repeated MRI), the second was pathological. The most frequent brain abnormalities were cortical dysplasia in 41 (18.1%), other structural abnormalities in 25 (11%), various phacomatoses in 23 (10.1%), and mesial temporal sclerosis in 17 (7.5%). Among 226 patients with abnormal MRI, 171 (75.6%) had focal epilepsy when compared with 36 (15.9%) with generalized epilepsy (p <0.001). In 121 patients (53.5%), the result of the abnormal MRI contributed significantly to the understanding of the epilepsy etiology. The side of abnormality was lateralized to the EEG focus in 120 cases (53%); in 10/15 cases with infantile spasms (66%), MRI was significantly abnormal. In 33, in whom the first MRI was normal, a second MRI revealed a significant abnormality. Conclusion Brain MRI is an important tool in epilepsy diagnosis, mainly in focal seizures and infantile spasms. A repeat MRI is mandatory in intractable focal cases to improve the yield of this test.

scholarly journals Resolution of pituitary microadenoma after coronavirus disease 2019: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Raishan ◽  
Mohammed Alsabri ◽  
Ann Mary Hanna ◽  
Matthew Brett
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Pituitary Microadenoma ◽  
Viral Illness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tumor Remission

Abstract Background This report describes the case of a patient whose pituitary microadenoma resolved after he contracted coronavirus disease 2019. To our knowledge, this is one of the first reported cases of pituitary tumor resolution due to viral illness. We present this case to further investigate the relationship between inflammatory response and tumor remission. Case presentation A 32-year-old man in Yemen presented to the hospital with fever, low blood oxygen saturation, and shortness of breath. The patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. Past medical history included pituitary microadenoma that was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging and secondary adrenal insufficiency, which was treated with steroids. Due to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019, he was treated with steroids and supportive care. Three months after his initial presentation to the hospital, brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed and compared with past scans. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes in the microadenoma, including the disappearance of the hypointense lesion and hyperintense enhancement observed on the previous scan. Conclusions Pituitary adenomas rarely undergo spontaneous resolution. Therefore, we hypothesized that tumor resolution was secondary to an immune response to coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals The Correlations between Horizontal and Vertical Peripheral Refractions and Human Eye Shape Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Highly Myopic Eyes

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Hui-Ying Kuo ◽  
John Ching-Jen Hsiao ◽  
Jing-Jie Chen ◽  
Chi-Hung Lee ◽  
Chun-Chao Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shape Deformation ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between relative peripheral refraction and retinal shape by 2-D magnetic resonance imaging in high myopes. Thirty-five young adults aged 20 to 30 years participated in this study with 16 high myopes (spherical equivalent < −6.00 D) and 19 emmetropes (+0.50 to −0.50 D). An open field autorefractor was used to measure refractions from the center out to 60° in the horizontal meridian and out to around 20° in the vertical meridian, with a step of 3 degrees. Axial length was measured by using A-scan ultrasonography. In addition, images of axial, sagittal, and tangential sections were obtained using 2-D magnetic resonance imaging. The highly myopic group had a significantly relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular shape compared to the emmetropic group. The highly myopic group had relative peripheral hyperopic refraction and showed a prolate ocular form. Significant differences in the ratios of height/axial (1.01 ± 0.02 vs. 0.94 ± 0.03) and width/axial (0.99 ± 0.17 vs. 0.93 ± 0.04) were found from the MRI images between the emmetropic and the highly myopic eyes (p < 0.001). There was a negative correlation between the retina’s curvature and relative peripheral refraction for both temporal (Pearson r = −0.459; p < 0.01) and nasal (Pearson r = −0.277; p = 0.011) retina. For the highly myopic eyes, the amount of peripheral hyperopic defocus is correlated to its ocular shape deformation. This could be the first study investigating the relationship between peripheral refraction and ocular dimension in high myopes, and it is hoped to provide useful knowledge of how the development of myopia changes human eye shape.

scholarly journals Myocardial Inflammation, Sports Practice, and Sudden Cardiac Death: 2021 Update

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Paolo Compagnucci ◽  
Giovanni Volpato ◽  
Umberto Falanga ◽  
Laura Cipolletta ◽  
Manuel Antonio Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Myocardial Inflammation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy ◽  
The Relationship

Myocardial inflammation is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and sudden cardiac death in athletes. The relationship between sports practice and myocardial inflammation is complex, and recent data from studies concerning cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and endomyocardial biopsy have substantially added to our understanding of the challenges encountered in the comprehensive care of athletes with myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM). In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of myocarditis, ICM, and myopericarditis/perimyocarditis in athletes, with a special emphasis on arrhythmias, patient-tailored therapies, and sports eligibility issues.

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