The developing predictive brain: How implicit temporal expectancy induced by local and global prediction shapes action preparation across development

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mento ◽  
Umberto Granziol
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Expectancy ◽  
Action Preparation

Temporal expectancy shortens the onset of perceptual processes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Seibold ◽  
K. M. Bausenhart ◽  
B. Rolke
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Expectancy

Sensory evidence integration and action initiation occur in parallel during perceptual decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Hernández-Navarro ◽  
Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal ◽  
Daniel Duque ◽  
Alexandre Hyafil ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Action Model ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Evidence Integration ◽  
Action Initiation

It is commonly assumed that, during perceptual decisions, the brain integrates stimulus evidence until reaching a decision, and then performs the response. There are conditions, however (e.g. time pressure), in which the initiation of the response must be prepared in anticipation of the stimulus presentation. It is therefore not clear when the timing and the choice of perceptual responses depend exclusively on evidence accumulation, or when preparatory motor signals may interfere with this process. Here, we find that, in a free reaction time auditory discrimination task in rats, the timing of fast responses does not depend on the stimulus, although the choices do, suggesting a decoupling of the mechanisms of action initiation and choice selection. This behavior is captured by a novel model, the Parallel Sensory Integration and Action Model (PSIAM), in which response execution is triggered whenever one of two processes, Action Initiation or Evidence Accumulation, reaches a bound, while choice category is always set by the latter. Based on this separation, the model accurately predicts the distribution of reaction times when the stimulus is omitted, advanced or delayed. Furthermore, we show that changes in Action Initiation mediates both post-error slowing and a gradual slowing of the responses within each session. Overall, these results extend the standard models of perceptual decision-making, and shed a new light on the interaction between action preparation and evidence accumulation.

A general synthesis approach in action: preparation and characterization of polyoxomolybdenum(vi) organophosphonates through oxidative Mo–Mo bond cleavage in {MoV2O4}

CrystEngComm ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Jingmei Sun ◽  
Yunshan Zhou ◽  
Sadaf ul Hassan ◽  
Enbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
General Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Approach

Kinidin durules

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (17) ◽  
pp. 66-67
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Sustained Action ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Better Than

Kinidin Durules (Astra-Hewlett), a newly introduced sustained-action preparation of quinidine, is claimed by the manufacturers to be better than quinidine sulphate tablets BP for maintenance treatment after the reversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm, and for the management of paroxysmal arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Dynamic Interactions between Emotion Perception and Action Preparation for Reacting to Social Threat: A Combined cTBS-fMRI Study

eNeuro ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0408-17.2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahnée Engelen ◽  
Minye Zhan ◽  
Alexander T. Sack ◽  
Beatrice de Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Perception And Action ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Social Threat ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Action Preparation

scholarly journals Response preparation involves a release of intracortical inhibition in task-irrelevant muscles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac N. Gomez ◽  
Kara Ormiston ◽  
Ian Greenhouse
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Intracortical Inhibition ◽  
Left Index Finger ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Task Irrelevant

AbstractAction preparation involves widespread modulation of motor system excitability, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we investigated whether intracortical inhibition changes in task-irrelevant muscle representations during action preparation. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electromyography in healthy human adults to measure motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent periods (CSPs) in task-irrelevant muscles during the preparatory period of simple delayed response tasks. In Experiment 1, participants responded with the left-index finger in one task condition and the right-index finger in another task condition, while MEPs and CSPs were measured from the contralateral non-responding and tonically contracted index finger. During Experiment 2, participants responded with the right pinky finger while MEPs and CSPs were measured from the tonically contracted left-index finger. In both experiments, MEPs and CSPs were compared between the task preparatory period and a resting intertrial baseline. The CSP duration during response preparation decreased from baseline in every case. A laterality difference was also observed in Experiment 1, with a greater CSP reduction during the preparation of left finger responses compared to right finger responses. MEP amplitudes showed no modulation during movement preparation in any of the three response conditions. These findings indicate cortical inhibition associated with task-irrelevant muscles is transiently released during action preparation and implicate a novel mechanism for the controlled and coordinated release of motor cortex inhibition.New & NoteworthyIn this study we observed the first evidence of a release of intracortical inhibition in task-irrelevant muscle representations during response preparation. We applied transcranial magnetic stimulation to elicit cortical silent periods in task-irrelevant muscles during response preparation and observed a consistent decrease in the silent period duration relative to a resting baseline. These findings address the question of whether cortical mechanisms underlie widespread modulation in motor excitability during response preparation.

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