Associations of physical activity and gross motor skills with executive function in preschool children from low-income South African settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. e12820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caylee J. Cook ◽  
Steven J. Howard ◽  
Gaia Scerif ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
South African ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills

scholarly journals Understanding the influence of 24-hour movement behaviours on the health and development of preschool children from low-income South African settings: the SUNRISE pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Draper ◽  
Simone A Tomaz ◽  
Caylee J Cook ◽  
Sasha S Jugdav ◽  
Candice Ramsammy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
South African ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Gross Motor

Background: The International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years, SUNRISE, was initiated to assess the extent to which young children meet movement behaviour guidelines (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, screen time, sleep). Objective: The South African SUNRISE pilot study assessed movement behaviours in preschool children from two low-income settings, and associations between these movement behaviours, adiposity, motor skills and executive function (EF). Methods: Preschool child/parent pairs (n = 89) were recruited from preschools in urban Soweto and rural Sweetwaters. Height and weight were measured to assess adiposity. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometers while sedentary behaviour, screen time and sleep were assessed via parent report. Fine and gross motor development were measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3, and EF was assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Results: The proportion of children meeting the physical activity guideline was 84% , 66% met the sleep guideline ,48% met the screen time guideline , and 26% met all three guidelines. Rural children were more active, but spent more time on screens compared to urban children. Most children were on track for gross (96%) and fine motor (73%) development, and mean EF scores were in the expected range for all EF measures. EF was negatively associated with screen time, and gross motor skills were positively associated with physical activity. Conclusion: The South African SUNRISE study contributes to the growing literature on 24-hour movement behaviours in SA preschool children, and highlights that these behaviours require attention in this age group.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional associations of physical activity and gross motor proficiency with adiposity in South African children of pre-school age

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E Draper ◽  
Simone A Tomaz ◽  
Rachel A Jones ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South African ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, gross motor skills and adiposity in South African children of pre-school age.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingHigh-income urban, and low-income urban and rural settings in South Africa.ParticipantsChildren (3–6 years old,n268) were recruited from urban high-income (n46), urban low-income (n91) and rural low-income (n122) settings. Height and weight were measured to calculate the main outcome variables: BMI and BMI-for-ageZ-score (BAZ). Height-for-age and weight-for-ageZ-scores were also calculated. Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used to objectively measure physical activity; the Test of Gross Motor Development (Version 2) was used to assess gross motor skills.ResultsMore children were overweight/obese and had a higher BAZ from urban low-income settings compared with urban high-income settings and rural low-income settings. Being less physically active was associated with thinness, but not overweight/obesity. Time spent in physical activity at moderate and vigorous intensities was positively associated with BMI and BAZ. Gross motor proficiency was not associated with adiposity in this sample.ConclusionsThe findings of this research highlight the need for obesity prevention particularly in urban low-income settings, as well as the need to take into consideration the complexity of the relationship between adiposity, physical activity and gross motor skills in South African pre-school children.

Obesity Prevention Study: A Physical Activity Program Improved Gross Motor Skills in Preschool Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 6911515228p1
Author(s):  
Laura L. Bellows ◽  
William J. Gavin ◽  
Susan L. Johnson ◽  
Richard E. Boles ◽  
Patricia Davies
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Physical Activity Program ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Activity Program

Associations of School Day Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With Gross Motor Skills: Use of Compositional Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Burns ◽  
Youngwon Kim ◽  
Wonwoo Byun ◽  
Timothy A. Brusseau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
School Day ◽  
Log Ratio

Background: To examine the relationships among school day sedentary times (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with gross motor skills in children using Compositional Data Analysis. Methods: Participants were 409 children (mean age = 8.4 [1.8] y) recruited across 5 low-income schools. Gross motor skills were assessed using the test for gross motor development—third edition (TGMD-3), and physical activity was assessed using accelerometers. Isometric log-ratio coordinates were calculated by quantifying the relative proportion of percentage of the school day spent in SED, LPA, and MVPA. The associations of the isometric log-ratio coordinates with the TGMD-3 scores were estimated using general linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, body mass index, estimated aerobic capacity, and school affiliation. Results: A higher proportion of the school day spent in %MVPA relative to %SED and %LPA was significantly associated with higher TGMD-3 total scores (γMVPA = 14.44, P = .01). This relationship was also observed for the ball skills subtest scores (γMVPA = 16.12, P = .003). Conclusions: Replacing %SED and %LPA with %MVPA during school hours may be an effective strategy for improving gross motor skills, specifically ball skills, in low-income elementary school-aged children.

Gross Motor Development in Preschool Children with Learning Disabilities

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Rimmer ◽  
Luke E. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Adapted Physical Education ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
School Year

The purpose of this pilot study was to descriptively evaluate the effects of three different programs on the development of gross motor skills of preschool children with learning disabilities (n = 29). No attempt was made to equate the groups or control for differences between the programs or instructional staff. Two of the programs were used by the respective schools to develop the gross motor skills of their audience. The programs were called occupational therapy (OT) (45–60 min/day, 5 days/week) and adapted physical education (APE) (30 min/day, 4 days/week). A third group was evaluated to determine whether maturational effects had any involvement in gross motor development. This group was called the noninstructional program (NIP) (30 min/day, 2 days/week) and was solely involved in free play. The programs were all in session for the entire school year (33–35 weeks). The results of the study revealed that the children in the APE program made more significant gains across objectives, and particularly on the qualitative measures, than did the children in the OT or NIP groups.

scholarly journals Sleep and BMI in South African urban and rural, high and low-income preschool children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale E. Rae ◽  
Simone A. Tomaz ◽  
Rachel A. Jones ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Rhian Twine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
South African ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Background The extent to which income setting or rural and urban environments modify the association between sleep and obesity in young children is unclear. The aims of this cross-sectional observational study were to (i) describe and compare sleep in South African preschool children from rural low-income (RL), urban low-income (UL) and urban high-income (UH) settings; and (ii) test for associations between sleep parameters and body mass index (BMI). Methods Participants were preschoolers (5.2 ± 0.7y, 49.5% boys) from RL (n = 111), UL (n = 65) and UH (n = 22) settings. Height and weight were measured. Sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity were assessed using accelerometery. Results UL children had higher BMI z-scores (median: 0.39; interquartile range: − 0.27, 0.99) than the UH (− 0.38; − 0.88, 0.11) and RL (− 0.08; − 0.83, 0.53) children (p = 0.001). The UL children had later bedtimes (p < 0.001) and wake-up times (p < 0.001) and shorter 24 h (p < 0.001) and nocturnal (p < 0.001) sleep durations than the RL and UH children. After adjusting for age, sex, setting, SB and PA, for every hour less sleep obtained (24 h and nocturnal), children were 2.28 (95% CI: 1.28–4.35) and 2.22 (95% CI: 1.27–3.85) more likely, respectively, to belong to a higher BMI z-score quartile. Conclusions Shorter sleep is associated with a higher BMI z-score in South African preschoolers, despite high levels of PA, with UL children appearing to be particularly vulnerable.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Media Ludo Geometri (DORI) Pada Fisik Motorik Anak Usia Dini

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Yenti Juniarti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Development Approach

This study aims to develop media ludo geometry (DORI) in children in Kiddie Care PAUD, due to the low ability of children to perform gross motor skills. This study uses a research and development approach. While the development model used is the Research & Development (R&D) development model according to Borg & Gall. The results of this study are the development of DORI media (Ludo Geometry), there are several aspects that arise besides physical activity, namely cognitive where children are required to think creatively, express ideas in their minds, on social aspects children mutually interact and discuss in search of strategies games, and in the language aspect of students or children become skilled in communication and dialogue, other results such as children feel the game using this DORI media such as sports while playing, and playing while learning. Conclusion that gross motor skills of early childhood are able to develop well in cognitive, social emotional and language aspects by using Ludo Geometry media.

Promoting gross motor skills and physical activity in childcare: A translational randomized controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Jones ◽  
Anthony D. Okely ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Marijka Batterham ◽  
Claire Burke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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