Individual differences in neural mechanisms of selective auditory attention in preschoolers from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds: an event-related potentials study

We investigated the extent to which second-language (L2) learning is influenced by the similarity of grammatical features in one’s first language (L1). We used event-related potentials to identify neural signatures of a novel grammatical rule - grammatical gender - in L1 English speakers. Of interest was whether individual differences in L2 proficiency and age of acquisition (AoA) influenced these effects. L2 and native speakers of French read French sentences that were grammatically correct, or contained either a grammatical gender or word order violation. Proficiency and AoA predicted Left Anterior Negativity amplitude, with structure violations driving the proficiency effect and gender violations driving the AoA effect. Proficiency, group, and AoA predicted P600 amplitude for gender violations but not structure violations. Different effects of grammatical gender and structure violations indicate that L2 speakers engage novel grammatical processes differently from L1 speakers and that this varies appreciably based on both AoA and proficiency.

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Commentary: Are Cardiac Surgeons Treating Patients of Lower Socioeconomic Status Differently?

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Lee ◽

Neal Weintraub

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Cardiac Surgeons

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Social Disparities in Adopting Non-pharmaceutical Interventions During COVID-19

Journal of Developing Societies ◽

10.1177/0169796x21996858 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0169796X2199685

Author(s):

Svenn-Erik Mamelund ◽

Jessica Dimka ◽

Nan Zou Bakkeli

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Survey Data ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Positive Association ◽

Social Disparities ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Home Office ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions

In the absence of vaccines to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020 governments had to respond by rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Socioeconomic inequalities likely influenced the uptake of NPIs. Using Norwegian survey data, we study whether income was associated with increased handwashing, keeping 1 m distance, using facemasks increased use of home office, and less use of public transportation. Except for using facemasks and less public transportation in a non-work context, all analyzed NPIs showed an independent positive association with income. Social disparities in NPI uptake may be important drivers of higher risks of disease outcomes for people of lower socioeconomic status.

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Within-Channel Selection and Event-Related Potentials During Selective Auditory Attention

Psychophysiology ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8986.1989.tb03143.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 127-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Tsunetaka Okita

Keyword(s):

Event Related Potentials ◽

Channel Selection ◽

Auditory Attention ◽

Related Potentials

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Is Fringe Baking A Component of Socially Determined Health?

American Journal of Health Studies ◽

10.47779/ajhs.2017.83 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Courtney L Hundley ◽

Richard W. Wilson ◽

John Chenault ◽

Jamie L. Smimble

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Status ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Health It ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Health Measures ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Level Data ◽

Indirect Association ◽

Zip Code

This was an exploratory study to assess the association between density of fringe lenders (e.g.payday) and health status. For Louisville, Kentucky, ZIP code level data on hospitalizations and mortalityrates as health measures were compared to fringe bank locations. We found lower socioeconomic status(SES) positively correlated with greater frequency of fringe banks; rates of illness appear to be higher in ZIPcodes with more fringe banks, but this finding was not statistically significant. In conclusion, neighbor-hoods between higher frequencies of fringe banks appear to have poorer health; it is premature to rule in orrule out a direct or indirect association between neighborhood presence of fringe banks, but there is enoughevidence to justify additional research to put any conclusions on a firmer footing.

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