The Externalization of China's Technical Standardization Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1196-1221
Author(s):  
Tim Nicholas Rühlig ◽  
Tobias ten Brink
Keyword(s):  
Technical Standardization

Standardization and Intellectual Property Rights

2000 ◽  
pp. 80-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Ict Industry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Technical Standardization ◽  
Standard Development

In today’s environment of rapidly evolving information and communication technologies (ICTs), technical standardization is said to be confronted by a “minefield” of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Patents and other industrial IPRs that might belong to individual developers of technology have the potential to undermine the collective pursuit of technical standardization that might serve the common interests of the sector or industry. This tension between the individual and the collective, between the development of technology and its diffusion, is however by no means new; it is an inherent feature of standard development as an institution of innovation. The fact that this tension has only recently been converted into conflict raises a host of interesting questions about standardization in the evolving environment of the ‘digital age’. In this chapter, we will address some of these. We are especially interested in the fundamental question concerning the roles of standard development organizations and IPRs in the “technology infrastructure” (Tassey, 1995) and how these roles are “co-evolving” (Nelson, 1995) with the rapidly developing ICT industry. The contention is that this process of coevolution is bringing what are initially complementary functions in the innovation process into increased confrontation. In this chapter such questions will be explored in terms of innovation-theory in which the role this ‘technology infrastructure’ plays is explicitly recognized. The discussion of this relationship moreover will be largely presented in terms of a case study, featuring the controversy that arose during the standardization of the now popular GSM system, produced by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI).

VoIP vs GSM Technology

2012 ◽  
pp. 280-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikponmwosa Oghogho ◽  
Dickinson C. Odikayor ◽  
Abayomi-Alli Adebayo ◽  
Samuel T. Wara
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Evolution Of Communication ◽  
Service Introduction ◽  
Technical Standardization ◽  
Intrusion Detection And Prevention

This chapter presents VoIP as a disruptive technology to GSM technology as well as the issues, controversies, and problems surrounding its deployment. It gives a general introduction of the evolution of communication systems from the POTS, to GSM, and now VoIP. Several issues that surround the deployment of VoIP such as provision of PSTN equivalent services by VoIP service providers, regulation of the service, introduction of latency and other counter measures by some operators, threat posed to PSTN providers due to emergence of VoIP, the need for technical standardization of VoIP, security issues, different cost structure, and quality of service provided were also discussed in details. Solutions and recommendations were suggested to overcome the challenges outlined. VoIP is presented as the way of the future for communication. When this finally happens depends on how fast the challenges outlined in this chapter are addressed. Future and emerging research trends in the deployment of VoIP such as locating users in a secure and reliable way, monitoring VoIP networks, as well as intrusion detection and prevention on SIP were also considered, after which, conclusion was made. This chapter is both informative and interesting.

scholarly journals Histocompatibility Typing by Cell Mediated Lympholysis (CML): Workshop II† Technical Standardization

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Bradley ◽  
D. Charmot ◽  
E. Goulmy ◽  
H. E. Johnsen ◽  
T. Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Standardization

I second that emoji: The standards, structures, and social production of emoji

First Monday ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Berard
Keyword(s):  
Operating Systems ◽  
Social Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Standardization

How does an emoji come to be? In 2010 emoji character sets were incorporated into Unicode Standard 6 which allowed “picture characters” to become standardized alongside text-based characters. The technical standardization allowed emoji to be used across devices, operating systems, and Internet platforms, producing a technical codification that made it easier for emoji to circulate widely. This paper provides a brief history of emoji, focusing on the technical standardization that demarcates emoji as unique from emoticons or other pictographic or iconographic formats, and examines the factors Unicode delineates as key for emoji inclusion and exclusion, and who ultimately decides whether an emoji will be created. 

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