scholarly journals Spatial areas of genotype probability: Predicting the spatial distribution of adaptive genetic variants under future climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Rochat ◽  
Oliver Selmoni ◽  
Stéphane Joost
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Genotype Probability

scholarly journals Spatial Areas of Genotype Probability (SPAG): predicting the spatial distribution of adaptive genetic variants under future climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Rochat ◽  
Stéphane Joost
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Genotype Probability ◽  
Precipitation Seasonality ◽  
The Future ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractIn a context of rapid global change, one of the key components for the survival of species is their genetic adaptive potential. Many methods have been developed to identify adaptive genetic variants, but few tools were made available to integrate this knowledge into conservation management. We present here the SPatial Areas of Genotype probability (SPAG), using genotype-environment logistic associations to map the probability of finding beneficial variants in a study area. We define a univariate model predicting the spatial distribution of a single genotype, and three multivariate models allowing the integration of several genotypes, potentially associated with various environmental variables. We then integrate climate change projections to map the corresponding future distribution of genotypes. The analysis of the mismatch between current and future SPAGs makes it possible to identify a) populations that are better adapted to the future climate through the presence of genetic variants able to cope with future conditions, and b) vulnerable populations where genotype(s) of interest are not frequent enough for the individuals to adapt to the future climate. We validate the SPAG approach using simulations and we use it to study the potential adaptation of 161 Moroccan and 382 European goats to the bioclimatic conditions. In Morocco, using whole genome sequence data, we identify seven genomic regions strongly associated with the precipitation seasonality (WorldClim database). The predicted shift in SPAGs under a strong climate change scenario for 2070 highlights goat populations likely to be threatened by the expected increase in precipitation variation in the future. In Europe, we find genomic regions associated with low precipitation, the shift in SPAGs highlighting vulnerable populations not adapted to the very dry conditions expected in 2070. The SPAG methodology is successfully validated using cross-validations and provides an efficient tool to take the adaptive potential into account in general conservation frameworks.

Seed dispersal, spatial distribution and population structure of Brazilnut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in southeastern Amazonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Peres ◽  
Claudia Baider
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Bertholletia Excelsa ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Shadows

ABSTRACTSeeds of the Brazilnut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl., Lecythidaceae) sustain one of the most important extractive industries in neotropical forests. Yet little is known about the demography and seed dispersal ecology of Bertholletia, particularly in natural stands which have not been previously harvested. This study presents data on the population density, spatial distribution, and seed dispersal ecology of Brazilnut trees at a pristine stand located within the Kayapó Indian Area of southeastern Amazonia, Pará, Brazil. Brazilnut trees were primarily found within groves (castanhais) of 75 to 149 trees, with a few isolated trees in between. Although the density of trees ≥ 10 cm in diameter at breast height (hereafter, dbh) at two groves was 4.8 to 5.1 trees ha–1, the overall density for the entire study area of c. 950 ha was estimated at 1.3 tree ha–1. Within-grove nearest neighbour distances averaged 21 m and were markedly skewed towards even shorter distances. Seed dispersal experiments using 709 marked seeds indicated that this pattern can be largely explained by the highly restricted seed shadows imparted by the main seed dispersal agents of Bertholletia at this site, the red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). Agoutis on average scatterhoard Bertholletia seeds to an average distance of 5 m, and rarely beyond 20 m, from seed stations. We suggest that, once edaphic and climatic conditions are suitable, the highly contagious spatial distribution of Bertholletia trees at the landscape level can be largely accounted for by the quantitatively dominant effect of short-distance dispersal by caviomorph rodents, and rare events of long-distance dispersal provided by other vectors. This mechanism of grove formation need not resort to untested conjectures of human dispersal and intentional planting in prehistoric and historic times as it has often been suggested in the literature.

scholarly journals The spatial distribution of population in Spain: An anomaly in European perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gutiérrez ◽  
Enrique Moral-Benito ◽  
Daniel Oto-Peralías ◽  
Roberto Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Population Grid ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

We exploit the GEOSTAT 2011 population grid to document that Spain presents the lowest density of settlements among European countries. Only a small fraction of the Spanish territory is inhabited, particularly in its southern half, which goes hand in hand with a high degree of population concentration. We uncover through standard regression analysis and spatial regression discontinuity that this anomaly cannot be accounted for by adverse geographic and climatic conditions. The second part of the paper takes a historical perspective on Spain's settlement patterns by showing that the spatial distribution of the population has been very persistent in the last two centuries, and that the abnormally low density of settlements with respect to European neighbors was already visible in the 19th century, which indicates that this phenomenon has not emerged recently as a consequence of the transformations associated with industrialization and tertiarization. Using data on ancient sites, we find that Spain did not feature scarcity of settlements in comparison to other countries in pre-medieval times, suggesting that its current anomalous settlement pattern has not always existed and is therefore not intrinsic to its geography.

scholarly journals Welfare and spatial distribution of noise levels in swine nursery

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Flavio A. Damasceno ◽  
Carlos E. A. Oliveira ◽  
Gabriel A. e S. Ferraz ◽  
João A. C. do Nascimento ◽  
Jairo A. O. Saraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the welfare and spatial distribution of noise levels in a swine nursery during the first three weeks of animal’s life. The climatic conditions were evaluated through the dry-bulb temperature (Tdb), relative humidity (RH) and black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI) and allowed us to observe that the heating system influenced the conditions in the environment, and the use of the air conditioning system did not guarantee animal’s comfort conditions. The analysis on the spatial distribution of noise levels was performed using geostatistics and demonstrated the occurrence of spatial variability inside the facilities. The highest frequencies of noise levels were concentrated between 60 and 70 dB, and the highest noise values were observed near the fans. The mean BGHI values were below the thermal comfort range for piglets in all systems tested.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and spatial distribution in small geographic scale of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under different climatic conditions in Northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizandra Makowski Steffler ◽  
Silvio Santana Dolabella ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla ◽  
Carine Spenassatto Dreyer ◽  
Edilson Divino Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Small Geographic Scale

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis and Population Dynamics of Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) in Coconut Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Faro Bastos ◽  
Artur Vinícius Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Fernanda Valente Penner ◽  
Lizandra Maria Maciel Siqueira ◽  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Lethal Yellowing ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Primary Vector

Haplaxius crudus is the primary vector of the phytoplasma that causes the Lethal Yellowing of Coconut, a disease that has become a barrier to the establishment of large coconut plantations in the world. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution pattern and population dynamics of H. crudus adults by correlating them with the abiotic factors, such as temperature and rainfall in commercial dwarf coconut palm plantations. Collection of American palm cixiid was carried out using yellow sticky traps fixed to the abaxial part of the coconut leaves. The sampled plants were georeferenced to obtain the geographic coordinates and geostatistical analysis, besides the planialtimetric survey of the experimental plot for the preparation of the map that shows the topographic conformation of the terrain. Insects were found at the study site throughout the year, showing greater abundance in months when the average monthly temperatures and rainfall were not significant. The climatic factors showed a correlation with the total of insects, positive for the temperature, with 0.733 and negative for the precipitation with -0.606. The spatial distribution of H. crudus displayed an aggregate pattern, explained by the spherical model. The infestation focus occurred in the periphery of the plot, near a Brachiaria humidicola pasture. It was concluded that the infestation of the H. crudus showed a behavior directly related to the local climatic conditions and the aggregate spatial distribution explained by the spherical model, therefore, forming shrubs with a radius of 154 to 190 m, with areas of influence between 7.45 and 17.80 ha, which coincide with the lower part of the terrain.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and ecological niche modelling of Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum., in the Guineo-Congolese region of Benin (West Africa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Ismaïla Toko Imorou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

Triplochiton sleroxylon (samba) is a West and Central African forest species of high socio-economic value which is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures from various sources. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of climate change on the spatial distribution of Triplochiton sleroxylon in the Guineo-Congolese region of Benin. All of 2311 occurrence data of this species were combined with current and future climate variables in the Maxent program under RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 by 2055. Analysis of the spatial pattern of Triplochiton scleroxylon revealed an aggregative distribution between 1m and 7 m distance. But for a distance between 0 and 1 m and more than 7 m, the spatial pattern revealed a random spatial distribution. Under current climatic conditions, 45.17% of the study area of the Guineo-Congolese region in Benin and 61.69% of the one of protected areas are currently very suitable for the cultivation and conservation of samba. Projections to 2055 indicate a significant increase in the area of these habitats for the two scenarios used. These results show that the current and future climatic conditions of the Guineo-Congolese region in Benin remain favourable for the cultivation and conservation of this species. Unfortunately, outside protected areas, these favourable habitats are occupied by settlements and fields. Taking these results into account could effectively contribute to the sustainable conservation of this species in Benin. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate change, Maxent program, niche modelling, aggregative distribution, Triplochiton scleroxylon, Benin

Environmental variation and seasonal changes as determinants of the spatial distribution of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Neotropical forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 963-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F.A. Lira ◽  
A.M. DeSouza ◽  
C.M.R. Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Functional Richness

Habitat selection and seasonal changes are key drivers of the population dynamics of many species. We analyzed how the environmental structure influences species establishment in an area by comparing microhabitat preference and functional richness of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in wet (Atlantic forest) and semiarid (Caatinga) areas. Variations in superficial foraging activity and microhabitat colonization during dry and rainy seasons were evaluated as an indication of the climatic impact on population dynamics. We collected 12 scorpion species using ultraviolet light lamps. We found that differential patterns in spatial distribution were independent of forest type, and we provide evidence for partial niche partitioning among scorpion species based on age class and climatic conditions. Foraging activity was also seasonally influenced. Functional richness was higher in wet forests than in dry forests, whereas taxonomical richness exhibited an opposite pattern. We conclude that spatiotemporal resource partitioning and refuge sharing are important drivers of the population dynamics and spatial distribution of scorpion species in Neotropical forests.

scholarly journals Resources of the Manchurian pheasant (Phasianus colchicus pallasi) in the Amur region

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Toushkin ◽  
Alia Toushkina ◽  
Olga Matveeva ◽  
Aleksandr Senchik
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Strong Winds

This article is based on the materials of long-term (2000-2019) data of winter route census (WMA) of the Manchurian pheasant population inhabiting the Amur Region. The main limiting factors causing fluctuations in the number of these bird species have been identified. The spatial distribution of birds by habitat within the range in the study area is considered. In winter, the main ecological factors that determine the features of the spatial distribution and the success of wintering of grouse birds in a sharply continental climate with monsoon features are the presence and abundance of available food and the state of the snow cover. In some cases, it is deep snow that determines the success of bird wintering. At night, at extremely low temperatures and strong winds, birds die from a lack of snow cover: either the snow cover is not deep enough, or a crust is formed (when thawing / due to wind). In the spring-summer period, the main limiting factors for birds that survived the winter are weather and climatic conditions that affect the survival of clutch and young stock; natural emergencies (fires, floods, floods, etc.), diseases, anthropogenic factors, etc.

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