Phylogenetic analysis of niche divergence reveals distinct evolutionary histories and climate change implications for tropical carnivorous pitcher plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Schwallier ◽  
Niels Raes ◽  
Hugo J. de Boer ◽  
Rutger A. Vos ◽  
Rogier R. van Vugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
Niche Divergence

scholarly journals A phylogenetic analysis of the grape genus (Vitis L.) reveals broad reticulation and concurrent diversification during neogene and quaternary climate change

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhen Wan ◽  
Heidi R Schwaninger ◽  
Angela M Baldo ◽  
Joanne A Labate ◽  
Gan-Yuan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Quaternary Climate

scholarly journals On the emergence of Candida auris: climate change, azoles, swamps and birds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis ◽  
Vincent Robert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Temperature Susceptibility

The most enigmatic aspect of the rise of Candida auris as a human pathogen is that it emerged simultaneously in three continents with each clade being genetically distinct. Although new pathogenic fungal species are described regularly, these are mostly species associated with single cases in individuals who are immunosuppressed. In this study, we used phylogenetic analysis to compare C. auris with temperature susceptibility of close relatives and use these results to argue that it may be the first example of a new fungal disease emerging from climate change with the caveat that many other factors could have contributed.

scholarly journals On the Emergence of Candida auris: Climate Change, Azoles, Swamps, and Birds

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis ◽  
Vincent Robert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Temperature Susceptibility

ABSTRACT The most enigmatic aspect of the rise of Candida auris as a human pathogen is that it emerged simultaneously on three continents, with each clade being genetically distinct. Although new pathogenic fungal species are described regularly, these are mostly species associated with single cases in individuals who are immunosuppressed. In this study, we used phylogenetic analysis to compare the temperature susceptibility of C. auris with those of its close relatives and to use these results to argue that it may be the first example of a new fungal disease emerging from climate change, with the caveat that many other factors may have contributed.

scholarly journals Climatic niche divergence and habitat suitability of eight alien invasive weeds in China under climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1541-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhong Wan ◽  
Chun-Jing Wang ◽  
Jing-Fang Tan ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Niche Divergence

scholarly journals Revisiting the Origin of the Octoploid Strawberry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Liston ◽  
Na Wei ◽  
Jacob Tennessen ◽  
Junmin Li ◽  
Ming Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Direct Ancestor

AbstractThe cultivated strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa, originated in France approximately 270 years ago via hybridization between two wild species introduced from North and South America. Both the cultivated strawberry and its parental species are octoploids with 2n=8x=56 chromosomes. In the recent publication of the genome of the cultivated strawberry, the authors present a novel phylogenetic hypothesis, proposing that each of the four subgenomes originated from a different 2n=2x=14 diploid progenitor. They further suggest that the hexaploid species Fragaria moschata was a direct ancestor of the strawberries. We reanalyzed the four octoploid subgenomes in a phylogenomic context, and found that only two extant diploids were progenitors, a result that is consistent with several previous studies. We also conducted a phylogenetic analysis of genetic linkage-mapped loci in the hexaploid F. moschata, and resolved its origin as independent of the octoploids. We identified assumptions in their tree-searching algorithm that prevented it from accepting extinct or unsampled progenitors, and we argue that this is a critical weakness of their approach. Correctly identifying their diploid progenitors is important for understanding and predicting the responses of polyploid plants to climate change and associated environmental stress.

A South American fossil relative of Phyllocladus: Huncocladus laubenfelsii gen. et sp. nov. (Podocarpaceae), from the early Eocene of Laguna del Hunco, Patagonia, Argentina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Andruchow-Colombo ◽  
Peter Wilf ◽  
Ignacio H. Escapa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
South American ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
The Face ◽  
Historical Range

Huncocladus laubenfelsii gen. et sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene (52 million years old) Laguna del Hunco site in Patagonia, Argentina, on the basis of a compression fossil with cuticle remains. The taxon has several similarities with Phyllocladus, together with characters that are absent in extant Phyllocladus species but are otherwise typical of the enclosing scale-leaved clade. Consequently, Huncocladus is interpreted as a relative of Phyllocladus, possibly belonging to its stem group. This view is supported by a phylogenetic analysis of Podocarpaceae, which recovers Huncocladus as sister to Phyllocladus within the here-termed phyllocladoid clade (Phyllocladus + Huncocladus). Huncocladus laubenfelsii is the first macrofossil record of the phyllocladoid lineage in South America or anywhere in the western hemisphere, vastly extending its historical range and constituting an additional lineage shared between Eocene Patagonia and extant and extinct Australasian and South-east Asian rainforests. The disappearance of phyllocladoids from South America adds to the general extinction pattern described previously for southern hemisphere Podocarpaceae, associated with the family’s low drought tolerance in the face of climate change (i.e. aridification). Huncocladus is the oldest record of the phyllocladoids, and it represents a new reference point for temporal calibration and biogeographic inference for the evolution of conifers and Australasian rainforests.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

Climate change and breeding success: decline of the capercaillie in Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moss ◽  
James Oswald ◽  
David Baines
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success
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