Status quo of dermatopathology in Germany: results of a national survey by the Working Group Dermatologic Histology

This chapter asks whether remittance recipients vote differently than non-recipients in elections. I focus on the 2006 Mexican presidential election, which was a particularly close contest between Felipe Calderón Hinojosa and Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Calderón, the candidate from the incumbent party, represented a continuation of status quo neoliberal economic policies. López Obrador was a populist opposition candidate who rejected neoliberalism and called for more statist economic policies. My argument is that the economic security effects of remittances left remittance recipients feeling less critical of the incumbent party and less energized by López Obrador’s populist rhetoric and proposals for change. An analysis of national survey data collected just after the vote supports this hypothesis. The data show a clear association between remittances and casting a ballot in opposition to López Obrador. The implication is that remittance recipients played an unwitting role in López Obrador’s 2006 defeat.

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POCT-management during the first wave of Covid-19 in France. Results of a national survey leaded by the SFBC-POCT Working Group

Annales de biologie clinique ◽

10.1684/abc.2021.1685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 535-549

Author(s):

Ludovic Glady ◽

Valérie Moal ◽

Isabelle Benz-De Bretagne ◽

Damien Bouvier ◽

Flore Di Giovanni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Working Group

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The development of clinical guidelines in China: insights from a national survey

Health Research Policy and Systems ◽

10.1186/s12961-021-00799-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Song ◽

Jing Li ◽

Yaolong Chen ◽

Ruixia Guo ◽

Pablo Alonso-Coello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Clinical Guidelines ◽

Working Group ◽

De Novo ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Management Policy ◽

Middle Income ◽

Development Methodology ◽

Agree Ii Instrument

Abstract Background Previous research suggests that the quality of clinical guidelines (CGs) in China is suboptimal. However, little is known about the methodology that CGs follow. We conducted a national survey of methods used by Chinese CG developers for CG development, adaptation, and updating. Methods We used a previously piloted questionnaire based on methodologies of CG development, adaptation, and updating, which was distributed during September–November 2020 to 114 organizations identified from published Chinese CGs (searched 2017–2020), recommended by Chinese CG developers, and recommended by clinical discipline experts. Results We collected 48 completed questionnaires (42.1% response). Most organizations developed CGs based on scientific evidence (89.6%), existing CGs (75%), or expert experience and opinion (64.6%). Only a few organizations had a specific CG development division (6.3%), a CG monitoring plan (on clinicians 33.3%; on patients 18.8%), funding (33.3%), or a conflict-of-interest (COI) management policy (23.4%). Thirty (62.5%) organizations reported using a CG development methodology handbook, from international organizations (14/30, 46.7%), methodology or evaluation resources (3/30, 10.0%), expert experience and opinion (3/30, 10.0%), or in-house handbooks (3/30, 10.0%). One organization followed a published adaptation methodology. Thirty-eight organizations (88.4%) reported de novo CG development: 21 (55.3%) formed a CG working group, and 29 (76.3%) evaluated the quality of evidence (21 [72.4%] using a methodological tool). Nineteen organizations (52.8%) reported CG adaptation: three (31.6%) had an adaptation working group, and 12 (63.2%) evaluated the quality of source CGs (2 (16.7%) using the AGREE II instrument). Thirty-three organizations (68.8%) updated their CGs, seven (17.5%) using a formal updating process. Conclusions Our study describes how CGs are developed in a middle-income country like China. To ensure better healthcare, there is still an important need for improvement in the development, adaptation, and updating of CG in China.

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2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100050867 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 21-26

Keyword(s):

Coordinate System ◽

Working Group ◽

General Character ◽

Coordinate Systems ◽

Reference Coordinate System ◽

Group 2 ◽

Definition Of ◽

Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

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Models of Thermodynamic Properties of Prominences

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100065799 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 349-355

Author(s):

R.W. Milkey

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Properties ◽

Mass Transport ◽

Emission Spectrum ◽

Thermodynamic Parameters ◽

Working Group ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Theoretical Concepts ◽

Group 3 ◽

Observational Techniques

The focus of discussion in Working Group 3 was on the Thermodynamic Properties as determined spectroscopically, including the observational techniques and the theoretical modeling of physical processes responsible for the emission spectrum. Recent advances in observational techniques and theoretical concepts make this discussion particularly timely. It is wise to remember that the determination of thermodynamic parameters is not an end in itself and that these are interesting chiefly for what they can tell us about the energetics and mass transport in prominences.

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